Long‐Term Outcome and Use of 6‐Minute Walk Test in West Highland White Terriers with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable interstitial lung disease occurring mainly in West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs). The effects of IPF on survival and on exercise tolerance in WHWTs are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate survival, prognostic factors, and exercise tolera...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of veterinary internal medicine Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 379 - 385
Main Authors:	Lilja‐Maula, L.I.O, Laurila, H.P, Syrjä, P, Lappalainen, A.K, Krafft, E, Clercx, C, Rajamäki, M.M
Format:	Journal Article Web Resource
Language:	English
Published:	United States J.B. Lippincott 01-03-2014 Blackwell Publishing Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc Allen Press John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	Animals blood case-control studies confidence interval death Dog Dog Diseases - diagnosis Dog Diseases - physiopathology Dogs exercise Exercise test Exercise Test - veterinary Female fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - diagnosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - physiopathology Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - veterinary Interstitial lung disease Life sciences longevity Lung diseases Male Medical prognosis medicine Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale Original oxygen Pneumonia Prognosis Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary hypertension regression analysis risk Sciences du vivant Survival Survival Analysis terriers Veterinary medicine & animal health walking Prognosis Exercise test Interstitial lung disease Dog Survival
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Summary:	BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an incurable interstitial lung disease occurring mainly in West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs). The effects of IPF on survival and on exercise tolerance in WHWTs are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate survival, prognostic factors, and exercise tolerance in WHWTs with IPF. ANIMALS: Privately owned WHWTs; 15 with IPF and 11 healthy controls. METHODS: Prospective case‐control study conducted in 2007–2012. For survival, descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curves with Cox proportional hazard ratios were performed. For the prognostic factor study, KM curves, Cox regression analysis, and logistic regression models were used. The 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) was used for measurement of exercise tolerance. RESULTS: The median IPF‐specific survival of deceased WHWTs (7/15) with IPF was 32 (range 2–51) months from onset of clinical signs. The risk of death from birth in WHWTs with IPF in age‐adjusted Cox model was significantly higher (hazard ratio 4.6; 95% confidence interval 1.05–19.74, P = .04) than in control WHWTs. No significant prognostic factors were identified. In 6MWT, WHWTs with IPF walked a shorter distance, median 398 m (range 273–519 m), than healthy controls, median 492 m (420–568 m), P = .05, and the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood in diseased dogs had a moderate positive correlation with walking distance (Kendall′s tau‐b = 0.69, P = .06). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: IPF had a negative impact on life expectancy, but individual survival varied considerably. 6MWT proved to be a well‐tolerated, noninvasive test to evaluate exercise tolerance.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12281 ArticleID:JVIM12281 Alfred Kordelin Foundation ark:/67375/WNG-0263KLMW-8 istex:657FB71982A3C46D8309246BBBB6A8310516A225 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 scopus-id:2-s2.0-84897636125
ISSN:	0891-6640 1939-1676 1939-1676
DOI:	10.1111/jvim.12281