A New Laser-Processing Strategy for Improving Enamel Erosion Resistance

A New Laser-Processing Strategy for Improving Enamel Erosion Resistance

In the present study, a new automatic laser-processing strategy allowing standardized irradiation of natural tooth areas was investigated. The objective was to find a combination of laser parameters that could cause over a 600°C temperature increase at the enamel surface while not damaging enamel, a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of dental research Vol. 96; no. 10; pp. 1168 - 1175
Main Authors: Esteves-Oliveira, M., Wollgarten, S., Liebegall, S., Jansen, P., Bilandzic, M., Meyer-Lueckel, H., Fischer, H., Stollenwerk, J., Poprawe, R.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01-09-2017
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Subjects:
Acids
Animals
Carbon dioxide
Cattle
Citric Acid
Data analysis
Dental caries
Dental enamel
Dental Enamel - radiation effects
Dental pulp
Dentistry
Enamel
Fluorides
High temperature
In Vitro Techniques
Investigations
Lasers
Lasers, Gas
Molars
Random Allocation
Statistical analysis
Surface Properties
Teeth
Temperature
Temperature effects
Temperature requirements
Tooth Erosion - prevention & control
X-Ray Diffraction
tooth wear
thermal conductivity
tooth demineralization
tooth erosion
fluorides
caries
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Summary:In the present study, a new automatic laser-processing strategy allowing standardized irradiation of natural tooth areas was investigated. The objective was to find a combination of laser parameters that could cause over a 600°C temperature increase at the enamel surface while not damaging enamel, avoiding temperature change above 5.5°C in the pulp and increasing enamel erosion resistance. Seventy-seven bovine enamel samples were randomly divided into 6 laser groups and 1 negative control (C/no treatment/n = 11). A scanning strategy (7 × 3 mm) was used for the CO2 laser treatment (λ = 10.6 µm, 0.1–18 J/cm2) with different pulse durations—namely, 20 µs (G20), 30 µs (G30), 55 µs (G55), and 490 µs (G490), as well as 2 modified pulse distances (G33d, G40d). Measurements of temperature change were performed at the surface (thermal camera/50 Hz), at the underside (thermocouples), and at the pulp chamber using a thermobath and human molars (n = 10). In addition, histology and X-ray diffraction (XRD/n = 10) were performed. Erosion was tested using an erosive cycling over 6 d, including immersion in citric acid (2 min/0.05 M/pH = 2.3) 6 times daily. Surface loss was measured using a profilometer and statistical analysis with a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Only G20 fulfilled the temperature requirements at the surface (619 ± 21.8°C), at the underside (5.3 ± 1.4°C), and at the pulp (2.0 ± 1.0°C), and it caused no mineral phase change and significant reduction of enamel surface loss (–13.2 ± 4.0 µm) compared to C (–37.0 ± 10.1 µm, P < 0.05). A laser-scanning strategy (20 µs/2 kHz/1.25 J/cm2, 3.4 mm/s) has been established that fulfilled the criteria for biological safety and significantly increased enamel erosion resistance (64%) in vitro.
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ISSN:0022-0345
1544-0591
DOI:10.1177/0022034517718532