Aberrant cytokine expression in COVID-19 patients: Associations between cytokines and disease severity

•IL-6 and IL-10 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.•IL-6 and IL-10 are strictly related to the patients’ OS and EFS.•Combining IL-6 and IL-10 provide valuable information in predicting prognosis.•Dynamic monitoring IL-6 and IL-10 offer the new ideas for COVID-19 therapy. Cytokines p...

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Published in:	Cytokine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 143; p. 155523
Main Authors:	Tang, Yueting, Sun, Jiayu, Pan, Huaqin, Yao, Fen, Yuan, Yumeng, Zeng, Mi, Ye, Guangming, Yang, Gui, Zheng, Bokun, Fan, Junli, Pan, Yunbao, Zhao, Ziwu, Guo, Shuang, Liu, Yinjuan, Liao, Fanlu, Duan, Yongwei, Jiao, Xiaoyang, Li, Yirong
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-07-2021
Subjects:	Adult Age Factors Aged Aging Blood Coagulation Factors - analysis COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - mortality COVID-19 - pathology COVID-19 - therapy Cytokine Release Syndrome - pathology Cytokines Disease severity Female Humans Interleukin-10 - blood Interleukin-6 - blood Lymphocyte Count Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Severity of Illness Index Survival Survival Analysis T lymphocyte T-Lymphocyte Subsets - cytology T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology Thromboembolism - pathology Treatment Outcome COVID-19 Disease severity T lymphocyte Cytokines Survival
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Summary:	•IL-6 and IL-10 play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.•IL-6 and IL-10 are strictly related to the patients’ OS and EFS.•Combining IL-6 and IL-10 provide valuable information in predicting prognosis.•Dynamic monitoring IL-6 and IL-10 offer the new ideas for COVID-19 therapy. Cytokines play pleiotropic, antagonistic, and collaborative in viral disease. The high morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) make it a significant threat to global public health. Elucidating its pathogenesis is essential to finding effective therapy. A retrospective study was conducted on 71 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Data on cytokines, T lymphocytes, and other clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected from patients with variable disease severity. The effects of cytokines on the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of patients were analyzed. The critically severe and severe patients had higher infection indexes and significant multiple organ function abnormalities than the mild patients (P < 0.05). IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the critically severe patients than in the severe and mild patients (P < 0.05). IL-6 and IL-10 were closely associated with white blood cells, neutrophils, T lymphocyte subsets, D-D dimer, blood urea nitrogen, complement C1q, procalcitonin C-reactive protein. Moreover, the IL-6 and IL-10 levels were closely correlated to dyspnea and dizziness (P < 0.05). The patients with higher IL-10 levels had shorter OS than the group with lower levels (P < 0.05). The older patients with higher levels of single IL-6 or IL-10 tended to have shorter EFS (P < 0.05), while the patients who had more elevated IL-6 and IL-10 had shorter OS (P < 0.05). The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that IL-6 was the independent factor affecting EFS. IL-6 and IL-10 play crucial roles in COVID-19 prognosis.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Yirong Li and Xiaoyang Jiao contributed equally to this study.
ISSN:	1043-4666 1096-0023
DOI:	10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155523