Towards an integrative view of virus phenotypes

Towards an integrative view of virus phenotypes

Understanding how phenotypes emerge from genotypes is a foundational goal in biology. As challenging as this task is when considering cellular life, it is further complicated in the case of viruses. During replication, a virus as a discrete entity (the virion) disappears and manifests itself as a me...

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Published in:Nature reviews. Microbiology Vol. 20; no. 2; pp. 83 - 94
Main Authors: DeLong, John P., Al-Sammak, Maitham A., Al-Ameeli, Zeina T., Dunigan, David D., Edwards, Kyle F., Fuhrmann, Jeffry J., Gleghorn, Jason P., Li, Hanqun, Haramoto, Kona, Harrison, Amelia O., Marston, Marcia F., Moore, Ryan M., Polson, Shawn W., Ferrell, Barbra D., Salsbery, Miranda E., Schvarcz, Christopher R., Shirazi, Jasmine, Steward, Grieg F., Van Etten, James L., Wommack, K. Eric
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-02-2022
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/158/855
631/326/1321
631/326/2565/2134
631/326/596/2557
631/326/596/432
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Environmental factors
Gene sequencing
Genome, Viral
Genomes
Genotype
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Humans
Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Parasitology
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Phenotypic plasticity
Review Article
Virion - genetics
Virions
Virology
Virus Replication - genetics
Viruses
Viruses - classification
Viruses - genetics
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Summary:Understanding how phenotypes emerge from genotypes is a foundational goal in biology. As challenging as this task is when considering cellular life, it is further complicated in the case of viruses. During replication, a virus as a discrete entity (the virion) disappears and manifests itself as a metabolic amalgam between the virus and the host (the virocell). Identifying traits that unambiguously constitute a virus’s phenotype is straightforward for the virion, less so for the virocell. Here, we present a framework for categorizing virus phenotypes that encompasses both virion and virocell stages and considers functional and performance traits of viruses in the context of fitness. Such an integrated view of virus phenotype is necessary for comprehensive interpretation of viral genome sequences and will advance our understanding of viral evolution and ecology. Linking genotype to phenotype is particularly challenging for viruses because of their small size, sparse phenotypic data and interlinked viral, host and environmental factors. In this Review, DeLong and colleagues discuss traits of virions and virocells and phenotypic plasticity.
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ISSN:1740-1526
1740-1534
DOI:10.1038/s41579-021-00612-w