Cleaning-induced arsenic mobilization and chromium oxidation from CCA-wood deck: Potential risk to children

Cleaning-induced arsenic mobilization and chromium oxidation from CCA-wood deck: Potential risk to children

Concern about children's exposure to arsenic (As) from wood treated with chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA) led to its withdrawal from residential use in 2004. However, due to its effectiveness, millions of American homes still have CCA-wood decks on which children play. This study evaluated the e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environment international Vol. 82; pp. 35 - 40
Main Authors: Gress, J., de Oliveira, L.M., da Silva, E.B., Lessl, J.M., Wilson, P.C., Townsend, T., Ma, L.Q.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2015
Subjects:
AGING MECHANISMS
Arsenates - adverse effects
Arsenic - adverse effects
Bleaches
Child
Children
Chromated copper arsenate
Chromium
Chromium Compounds
CLEANING
Decks
Dislodgeable arsenic
Exposure
Hexavalent chromium
Housing
Humans
Play and Playthings
Risk
Soil
Wood
Hexavalent chromium
Soil
Dislodgeable arsenic
Chromated copper arsenate
Exposure
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Summary:Concern about children's exposure to arsenic (As) from wood treated with chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA) led to its withdrawal from residential use in 2004. However, due to its effectiveness, millions of American homes still have CCA-wood decks on which children play. This study evaluated the effects of three deck-cleaning methods on formation of dislodgeable As and hexavalent chromium (CrVI) on CCA-wood surfaces and in leachate. Initial wipes from CCA-wood wetted with water showed 3–4 times more dislodgeable As than on dry wood. After cleaning with a bleach solution, 9.8–40.3μg/100cm2 of CrVI was found on the wood surface, with up to 170μg/L CrVI in the leachate. Depending on the cleaning method, 699–2473mg of As would be released into the environment from cleaning a 18.6-m2-deck. Estimated As doses in children aged 1–6 after 1h of playing on a wet CCA-wood deck were 0.25–0.41μg/kg. This is the first study to identify increased dislodgeable As on wet CCA-wood and to evaluate dislodgeable CrVI after bleach application. Our data suggest that As and CrVI in 25-year old CCA-wood still show exposure risks for children and potential for soil contamination. [Display omitted] •Wet wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) had >3–4 times more dislodgeable As and Cr than dry one.•Cleaning CCA-wood did not reduce the amounts of dislodgeable As and Cr on wood surface.•Cleaning CCA-wood using bleach resulted in 110–170μg/L CrVI and>300 μg/L As in leachate.•699-2473 mg As was released into soil from cleaning an 18.6m2 CCA-wood deck.•Estimated As doses in children aged 1–6 after 1h of contact with wet CCA-wood were 0.25–0.60μg/kg.
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ISSN:0160-4120
1873-6750
DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.012