Long-term effects of clodronate on growing rat bone

For evaluating the long-term effects of the bisphosphonate compound clodronate on the rat skeleton, 100 female rats were given subcutaneous injections of clodronate at doses of 0 (vehicle), 4 (low), or 12 (high) mg/kg per week, or 50 mg/kg every fourth week (cyclical). The treatment was started at 3...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Bone (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 191 - 196
Main Authors:	Lepola, V.T., Hannuniemi, R., Kippo, K., Laurén, L., Jalovaara, P., Väänänen, H.K.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01-02-1996 Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Animals Biological and medical sciences Biomechanics Bisphosphonates Body Weight - drug effects Bone Bone Development - drug effects Bone Resorption - prevention & control Bones, joints and connective tissue. Antiinflammatory agents Clodronate Clodronic Acid - adverse effects Clodronic Acid - therapeutic use Compressive Strength Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Female Histomorphometry Medical sciences Pharmacology. Drug treatments Rat Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Time Factors Biomechanics Bone Rat Histomorphometry Bisphosphonates Clodronate Rodentia Biological marker Mechanical properties Resorption Long term Young animal Pathology Vertebrata Chemotherapy Mammalia Female Histometry Inhibitor Application method Biological effect Morphometry Comparative study
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Summary:	For evaluating the long-term effects of the bisphosphonate compound clodronate on the rat skeleton, 100 female rats were given subcutaneous injections of clodronate at doses of 0 (vehicle), 4 (low), or 12 (high) mg/kg per week, or 50 mg/kg every fourth week (cyclical). The treatment was started at 3 months of age and was continued for 6 months. The mechanical strength of bones was studied by torsion of the tibia, three-point bending of the femur, axial compression of the femoral neck, and compression of a lumbar vertebra. Quantitative histomorphometric variables were determined from distal femur and lumbar vertebra, and variables reflecting bone metabolism were measured in serum and urine. Bone mass, indicated by ash weight of the tibia, was increased with the low and high clodronate doses compared with the vehicle. The maximum load in vertebra compression was increased with the low dose of clodronate compared with the vehicle, whereas changes in other variables concerning bone strength were not significant. In bone histomorphometry, clodronate treatment induced more pronounced changes in cancellous bone volume in distal femur than in lumbar vertebra, the differences not being statistically significant between the groups at either site, however. The longitudinal growth rate of the femur, measured by double-fluorochrome labeling for 1 week at the end of the treatment period, was significantly decreased in the high-dose clodronate group compared with the other groups. Serum values for calcium, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase did not differ between the groups. However, serum osteocalcin was significantly lower in the high-dose group compared with the vehicle group. Urinary calcium, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysylpyridinoline were decreased at all the clodronate doses administered. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of long-term clodronate treatment on bone mass and strength were observed at the lowest dose used. A high dose of clodronate decreased bone growth rate, which was, however, not reflected in the mechanical quality of bone.
ISSN:	8756-3282 1873-2763
DOI:	10.1016/8756-3282(95)00439-4