Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in patients presenting with acute febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Baringo County, Kenya

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in patients presenting with acute febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Baringo County, Kenya

Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II I...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary medicine and science Vol. 7; no. 5; pp. 2093 - 2099
Main Authors: Lemtudo, Allan P., Mutai, Beth K., Mwamburi, Lizzy, Waitumbi, John N.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-09-2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Bacterial
Antigens
Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetti
Disease
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Epidemics
Goat Diseases - epidemiology
Hospitals
Hospitals, District
Illnesses
Immunofluorescence
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin M
Infections
Kenya - epidemiology
Original
Patients
Population studies
Public health
Q fever
Q Fever - epidemiology
Q Fever - veterinary
Risk factors
Sensitivity analysis
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Serology
Zoonoses
zoonosis
Kenya
Q fever
zoonosis
Coxiella burnetti
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Summary:Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats (p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population. The study assessed immune responses to C. burnetii phases 1 and II antigens and inferred the presence of acute and chronic Q‐fever in a pastoral community presenting with febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya. Risk factors to the disease included gender, age, season and animal contact. ​
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ISSN:2053-1095
2053-1095
DOI:10.1002/vms3.493