On Indoor Localization Using WiFi, BLE, UWB, and IMU Technologies

On Indoor Localization Using WiFi, BLE, UWB, and IMU Technologies

Indoor localization is a key research area and has been stated as a major goal for Sixth Generation (6G) communications. Indoor localization faces many challenges, such as harsh wireless propagation channels, cluttered and dynamic environments, non-line-of-sight conditions, etc. There are various te...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 20; p. 8598
Main Authors: Leitch, Samuel G., Ahmed, Qasim Zeeshan, Abbas, Waqas Bin, Hafeez, Maryam, Laziridis, Pavlos I., Sureephong, Pradorn, Alade, Temitope
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 20-10-2023
MDPI
Subjects:
Accuracy
Analysis
BLE
Bluetooth technology
Business metrics
data fusion
Global positioning systems
GPS
IMU
indoor localization
Localization
Machine learning
PDR
Radio frequency identification
Smartphones
Technology
Technology application
Wi-Fi
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Indoor localization is a key research area and has been stated as a major goal for Sixth Generation (6G) communications. Indoor localization faces many challenges, such as harsh wireless propagation channels, cluttered and dynamic environments, non-line-of-sight conditions, etc. There are various technologies that can be applied to address these issues. In this paper, four major technologies for implementing an indoor localization system are reviewed: Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Radio (UWB), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). Sections on Data Fusion (DF) and Machine Learning (ML) have been included as well due to their key role in Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS). These technologies have been categorized based on the techniques that they employ and the associated errors in localization. A brief comparison between these technologies is made based on specific performance metrics. Finally, the limitations of these techniques are identified to aid future research.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s23208598