The cell-mediated immune response to human papillomavirus-induced cervical cancer: Implications for immunotherapy

The chapter presents the evidence that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are linked with the development of several human malignancies, including carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and the anogenital tract, as well as conjunctival carcinomas from molecular, clinical, and epidemiological studies....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Advances in Cancer Research Vol. 86; pp. 113 - 148
Main Authors:	Leiben, Gretchen, Velders, Markwin P., Martin Kast, W.
Format:	Book Chapter Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Science & Technology 2002
Subjects:	Animals Cancer Vaccines - classification Cancer Vaccines - therapeutic use CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology Cellular biology DNA, Viral - genetics Female Genes, Viral Genetic Vectors - therapeutic use Genetics (non-medical) HLA Antigens - immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunologic Surveillance Immunotherapy Mice Mice, Transgenic Oncogene Proteins, Viral - genetics Oncogene Proteins, Viral - physiology Papillomaviridae - genetics Papillomaviridae - immunology Papillomaviridae - pathogenicity Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology Papillomavirus Infections - immunology Papillomavirus Infections - virology T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology Tumor Escape Tumor Virus Infections - epidemiology Tumor Virus Infections - immunology Tumor Virus Infections - virology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - epidemiology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - immunology Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - therapy Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - virology Virology
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Summary:	The chapter presents the evidence that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are linked with the development of several human malignancies, including carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and the anogenital tract, as well as conjunctival carcinomas from molecular, clinical, and epidemiological studies. This chapter focuses on the role of cellular immunity and prospects for immunotherapy in HPV-related cervical malignancies. Cervical cancer remains the third most common cancer among women worldwide, with approximately 400,000 new cases per year. HPV DNA has been demonstrated in more than 99.7% of tumor biopsy specimens, with high risk HPV16 and HPV18 sequences being the most prevalent. Cell-mediated immunity is likely to play an important role in protecting against tumor progression, as shown by the increased frequency of HPV-associated tumors in individuals treated with immunosuppressive drugs or suffering from AIDS. In addition, malignant lesions are characterized by an infiltration of CD8+ T cells. The chapter emphasizes that an effective vaccine that would mount a cellular immune response against HPV-related proteins might contribute to the elimination or prevention of HPV-expressing lesions, including cervical carcinomas. The goal of therapeutic immunization against HPV-induced carcinomas is to induce cellular components of the immune system to recognize and attack cells infected with HPV, including malignant tissue. Modulation of the immune response to HPV-infected cells is possible through many different vaccination strategies. Therefore, clinical trials have not been very successful in achieving significant tumor regression, most likely because the diseases were too advanced to treat with immunological intervention.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Feature-3 ObjectType-Review-1
ISBN:	0120066866 9780120066865
ISSN:	0065-230X 2162-5557
DOI:	10.1016/S0065-230X(02)86004-3