Potential Benefits of Black Chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa ) Fruits and Their Constituents in Improving Human Health

Aronia berry (black chokeberry) is a shrub native to North America, of which the fresh fruits are used in the food industry to produce different types of dietary products. The fruits of (Aronia berries) have been found to show multiple bioactivities potentially beneficial to human health, including...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 22; p. 7823
Main Authors:	Ren, Yulin, Frank, Tyler, Meyer, Gunnar, Lei, Jizhou, Grebenc, Jessica R, Slaughter, Ryan, Gao, Yu G, Kinghorn, A Douglas
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-11-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Amino acids Anthocyanin Anthocyanins Anthocyanins - chemistry anti-infectives Antidiabetics Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antioxidants Antioxidants - chemistry antitumor effects Aronia melanocarpa Berries Biological activity black chokeberry Cell cycle Cell growth Chemical compounds Chemotherapy Chlorogenic acid Chlorogenic Acid - analysis Clinical trials Colorectal cancer COVID-19 COVID-19 Drug Treatment Cyclin-dependent kinases Cytotoxicity Diabetes mellitus Enzymes Food industry Fruit Fruit - chemistry Fruits Galactosides Health Health promotion Humans Kinases Lead compounds Liver cancer Lung cancer Metabolites Metastasis Natural products Neuroprotection Oxidative stress Pharmacology Phenolic acids phenolic constituents Phenols Photinia - chemistry Quercetin Quercetin - analysis Review Secondary metabolites Stem cells Triterpenoids Ursolic acid black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa antioxidants antitumor effects anti-infectives human health phenolic constituents
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Summary:	Aronia berry (black chokeberry) is a shrub native to North America, of which the fresh fruits are used in the food industry to produce different types of dietary products. The fruits of (Aronia berries) have been found to show multiple bioactivities potentially beneficial to human health, including antidiabetic, anti-infective, antineoplastic, antiobesity, and antioxidant activities, as well as heart-, liver-, and neuroprotective effects. Thus far, phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, cyanidins, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins, triterpenoids, and their analogues have been identified as the major active components of Aronia berries. These natural products possess potent antioxidant activity, which contributes to the majority of the other bioactivities observed for Aronia berries. The chemical components and the potential pharmaceutical or health-promoting effects of Aronia berries have been summarized previously. The present review article focuses on the molecular targets of extracts of Aronia berries and the examples of promising lead compounds isolated from these berries, including cyanidin-3- -galactoside, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and ursolic acid. In addition, presented herein are clinical trial investigations for Aronia berries and their major components, including cancer clinical trials for chlorogenic acid and COVID-19 trial studies for quercetin. Additionally, the possible development of Aronia berries and their secondary metabolites as potential therapeutic agents is discussed. It is hoped that this contribution will help stimulate future investigations on Aronia berries for the continual improvement of human health.
ISSN:	1420-3049 1420-3049
DOI:	10.3390/molecules27227823