Bacteriological screening of expressed breast milk revealed a high rate of bacterial contamination in Chinese women

A screening programme for expressed breast milk (EBM) revealed the alarming fact that our study group had the highest rate of contamination ever reported. The programme started in July 2002 and involved a group of Chinese women whose premature babies were in the neonatal intensive care unit. EBM was...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Journal of hospital infection Vol. 58; no. 2; pp. 146 - 150
Main Authors:	Ng, D.K., Lee, S.Y.R., Leung, L.C.K., Wong, S.F., Ho, J.C.S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kent Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2004 Elsevier
Subjects:	Adult Bacterial contamination Bacterial diseases Bacterial sepsis Biological and medical sciences China - epidemiology Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - etiology Cross Infection - microbiology Culture of milk Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - epidemiology Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - etiology Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - microbiology Expressed breast milk Female Food Contamination Food Microbiology Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification Human bacterial diseases Humans Incidence Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Infant, Low Birth Weight Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Infectious diseases Intensive Care Units, Neonatal - statistics & numerical data Male Medical sciences Milk, Human - microbiology Neonatal intensive care Other diseases. Semiology Staphylococcal infections, streptococcal infections, pneumococcal infections Staphylococcus aureus Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus Asia China Bacterial contamination Neonatal intensive care Expressed breast milk Culture of milk Premature Intensive care Necrotizing enterocolitis Infant Epidemiology Intensive care unit Bacteria Intestinal disease Micrococcales Female Micrococcaceae Woman Staphylococcus aureus Gram negative bacteria Human Enterococcus Rate Medical screening Contamination Infection Streptococcaceae Newborn Bacteriosis Human milk Digestive diseases Chinese Staphylococcal infection Breast milk
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Summary:	A screening programme for expressed breast milk (EBM) revealed the alarming fact that our study group had the highest rate of contamination ever reported. The programme started in July 2002 and involved a group of Chinese women whose premature babies were in the neonatal intensive care unit. EBM was considered to be contaminated if there was any growth of pathogens, including Gram-negative bacteria, enterococci or Staphylococcus aureus, or if the total bacterial count was >10 5 cfu/mL. Of 59 samples from 23 mothers, 63% were contaminated. This high contamination rate could be due to the Chinese tradition of avoiding bathing for one month after childbirth. Previous studies have shown that feeding EBM rather than premature infant formula milk has advantages in terms of decreased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and neonatal sepsis. However, in this population, with such a high incidence of contaminated EBM, this may not be the case. Further studies to compare EBM with premature infant formula in this population are required.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0195-6701 1532-2939
DOI:	10.1016/j.jhin.2004.05.018