The effect of spike mutations on SARS-CoV-2 neutralization

The effect of spike mutations on SARS-CoV-2 neutralization

Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines show protective efficacy, which is most likely mediated by neutralizing antibodies recognizing the viral entry protein, spike. Because new SARS-CoV-2 variants are emerging rapidly, as exemplified by the B.1.1.7, B.1.351,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell reports (Cambridge) Vol. 34; no. 12; p. 108890
Main Authors: Rees-Spear, Chloe, Muir, Luke, Griffith, Sarah A., Heaney, Judith, Aldon, Yoann, Snitselaar, Jonne L., Thomas, Peter, Graham, Carl, Seow, Jeffrey, Lee, Nayung, Rosa, Annachiara, Roustan, Chloe, Houlihan, Catherine F., Sanders, Rogier W., Gupta, Ravindra K., Cherepanov, Peter, Stauss, Hans J., Nastouli, Eleni, Doores, Katie J., van Gils, Marit J., McCoy, Laura E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 23-03-2021
Cell Press
Elsevier
Subjects:
antibodies
Antibodies, Monoclonal - genetics
Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
Antibody Formation
B.1.1.7
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - metabolism
COVID-19 - virology
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
HEK293 Cells
Humans
immune escape
neutralization
Neutralization Tests - methods
Point Mutation
Receptors, Virus - genetics
Receptors, Virus - metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
serology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
variant
SARS-CoV-2
B.1.1.7
neutralization
serology
variant
antibodies
immune escape
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Summary:Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines show protective efficacy, which is most likely mediated by neutralizing antibodies recognizing the viral entry protein, spike. Because new SARS-CoV-2 variants are emerging rapidly, as exemplified by the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 lineages, it is critical to understand whether antibody responses induced by infection with the original SARS-CoV-2 virus or current vaccines remain effective. In this study, we evaluate neutralization of a series of mutated spike pseudotypes based on divergence from SARS-CoV and then compare neutralization of the B.1.1.7 spike pseudotype and individual mutations. Spike-specific monoclonal antibody neutralization is reduced dramatically; in contrast, polyclonal antibodies from individuals infected in early 2020 remain active against most mutated spike pseudotypes, but potency is reduced in a minority of samples. This work highlights that changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike can alter neutralization sensitivity and underlines the need for effective real-time monitoring of emerging mutations and their effect on vaccine efficacy. [Display omitted] •SARS-CoV-2 pseudotypes produced by amino acids substitutions in SARS-CoV•SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus that encodes the B.1.1.7 variant spike•Amino acid changes and B.1.1.7 can decrease monoclonal antibody neutralization•Minimal effect on sera with only 10% losing potency against the B.1.1.7 pseudotype This study describes neutralization by antibodies and convalescent sera of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutants. Rees-Spear et al. show that SARS-CoV amino acid substitutions and the B.1.1.7 variant can block monoclonal antibody neutralization and that serum samples collected following mild illness are less resilient to spike variation than those following severe illness.
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ISSN:2211-1247
2211-1247
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108890