Household income and health‐related quality of life in children receiving treatment for acute myeloid leukemia: Potential impact of selection bias in health equity research

Objective Examine the influence of household income on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Design Secondary analysis of data prospectively collected from pediatric patients receiving treatment for AML at 14 hospitals across the Uni...

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Published in:	Cancer medicine (Malden, MA) Vol. 13; no. 7; pp. e6966 - n/a
Main Authors:	Newman, Haley, Li, Yimei, Huang, Yuan‐Shung V., Elgarten, Caitlin W., Myers, Regina M., Ruiz, Jenny, Zheng, Daniel J., Leahy, Alison Barz, Aftandilian, Catherine, Arnold, Staci D., Bona, Kira, Gramatges, M. Monica, Heneghan, Mallorie B., Maloney, Kelly W., Modi, Arunkumar J., Mody, Rajen J., Morgan, Elaine, Rubnitz, Jeffrey, Winick, Naomi, Wilkes, Jennifer J., Seif, Alix E., Fisher, Brian T., Aplenc, Richard, Getz, Kelly D.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-04-2024 John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley
Subjects:	Acuity Acute myeloid leukemia Cancer therapies Caregivers Chemotherapy Child Children Children & youth Clinical Trials as Topic Consent Demographics Enrollments epidemiology Ethnicity Family income Health Equity Hospitals Households Humans Leukemia Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - therapy Low income groups Mediators Medical records Patients pediatric cancer Pediatrics Poverty Quality of Life Selection Bias Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires Toxicity United States > US epidemiology acute myeloid leukemia quality of Life pediatric cancer
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Summary:	Objective Examine the influence of household income on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Design Secondary analysis of data prospectively collected from pediatric patients receiving treatment for AML at 14 hospitals across the United States. Exposure Household income was self‐reported on a demographic survey. The examined mediators included the acuity of presentation and treatment toxicity. Outcome Caregiver proxy reported assessment of patient HRQOL from the Peds QL 4.0 survey. Result Children with AML (n = 131) and caregivers were prospectively enrolled to complete PedsQL assessments. HRQOL scores were better for patients in the lowest versus highest income category (mean ± SD: 76.0 ± 14 household income <$25,000 vs. 59.9 ± 17 income ≥$75,000; adjusted mean difference: 11.2, 95% CI: 2.2–20.2). Seven percent of enrolled patients presented with high acuity (ICU‐level care in the first 72 h), and 16% had high toxicity (any ICU‐level care); there were no identifiable differences by income, refuting mediating roles in the association between income and HRQOL. Enrolled patients were less likely to be Black/African American (9.9% vs. 22.2%), more likely to be privately insured (50.4% vs. 40.7%), and more likely to have been treated on a clinical trial (26.7% vs. 18.5%) compared to eligible unenrolled patients not enrolled. Evaluations of potential selection bias on the association between income and HRQOL suggested differences in HRQOL may be smaller than observed or even in the opposing direction. Conclusions While primary analyses suggested lower household income was associated with superior HRQOL, differential participation may have biased these results. Future studies should partner with patients/families to identify strategies for equitable participation in clinical research.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-7634 2045-7634
DOI:	10.1002/cam4.6966