Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a measure of atherosclerotic vascular disease and considered a comprehensive picture of all alterations caused by multiple cardiovascular...

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Published in:Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology Vol. 13; p. 1179546819852941
Main Authors: Lawal, Olutoyin Morenike, Balogun, Michael Olabode, Akintomide, Anthony Olubunmi, Ayoola, Oluwagbemiga Oluwole, Mene-Afejuku, Tuoyo Omasan, Ogunlade, Oluwadare, Okunola, Oluyomi Oluseun, Lawal, Adekunle Oyeyemi, Akinsola, Adewale
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London, England SAGE Publications 2019
Sage Publications Ltd
SAGE Publishing
Subjects:
Age
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cardiac arrhythmia
Cardiovascular disease
Carotid arteries
Electrocardiography
Health risk assessment
Heart rate
Hemodialysis
Kidney diseases
Laboratories
Original Research
Patients
Stroke
Ultrasonic imaging
Variables
cardiovascular disease
carotid intima-media thickness
chronic kidney disease
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Summary:Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a measure of atherosclerotic vascular disease and considered a comprehensive picture of all alterations caused by multiple cardiovascular risk factors over time on the arterial walls. We therefore sought to determine the CIMT of the common carotid artery in patients with CKD and to evaluate the clinical pattern and prevalence of CVD in CKD patients. Methods: A case-control study involving 100 subjects made of 50 patients with CKD stages 2 to 4 and 50 age and sex matched apparently normal individuals. Carotid intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery was considered thickened if it measured greater than 0.8 mm. All subjects had laboratory investigations, 12-lead electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, and ankle-brachial index. Results: The mean CIMT was higher in CKD population compared with controls (P < .001). Eighty-four percent of the study population was found to have thickened CIMT compared with 18% of controls (P < .001). Patients with CKD had significantly higher blood pressure and heart rate than controls. Cardiovascular disease was also more prevalent among patients with CKD as compared with controls. Carotid intima-media thickness positively correlated with age, blood pressure, and random blood sugar. Conclusions: As CIMT was well correlated with many cardiovascular risk factors among CKD patients, it may serve as a surrogate marker for CVD and its early assessment may target patients who may need more aggressive therapy to retard the progression of kidney disease and improve outcome.
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ISSN:1179-5468
1179-5468
DOI:10.1177/1179546819852941