Seven cDNAs enriched following hippocampal lesion: possible roles in neuronal responses to injury

Synaptic plasticity is important for formation of long-term memories and in re-establishment of function following injury. Seven cDNAs enriched following lesion in the hippocampus of the rat have been isolated using a PCR-based cDNA suppression subtraction hybridization. Sequence analysis resulted i...

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Published in:	Brain research. Molecular brain research. Vol. 117; no. 1; pp. 58 - 67
Main Authors:	Price, Mitch, Lang, Molly G., Frank, Ami T., Goetting-Minesky, M.Paula, Patel, Samip P., Silviera, Matthew L., Krady, J.Kyle, Milner, Robert J., Ewing, Andrew G., Day, Jonathan R.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 10-09-2003 Elsevier
Subjects:	Animals Animals, Newborn astrotactin Biochemistry and metabolism Biological and medical sciences Blotting, Northern Brain - metabolism Brain Injuries - chemically induced Brain Injuries - genetics Brain Injuries - metabolism Calcineurin - genetics Cell Division Cell Size - physiology Cells, Cultured Central nervous system Cloning, Molecular Colchicine - toxicity Cyclosporine - administration & dosage Disease Models, Animal DNA, Complementary - genetics DNA, Complementary - metabolism Enzyme Inhibitors - administration & dosage Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Library Hippocampus - metabolism Hippocampus - pathology Immunohistochemistry In Situ Hybridization Neurites - metabolism Neuronal injury Neurons - metabolism Rats Rats, Inbred F344 Reactive synaptogenesis Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis Synapsins - metabolism Synaptic plasticity Time Factors Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Neuronal injury Reactive synaptogenesis Development and regeneration Synaptic plasticity Rat Synaptogenesis Rodentia Central nervous system Vertebrata Mammalia Complementary DNA Lesion Hippocampus Brain (vertebrata)
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Summary:	Synaptic plasticity is important for formation of long-term memories and in re-establishment of function following injury. Seven cDNAs enriched following lesion in the hippocampus of the rat have been isolated using a PCR-based cDNA suppression subtraction hybridization. Sequence analysis resulted in the identification of two genes with known roles in synaptic development and neuronal activities: astrotactin and calcineurin. These two neuron-specific genes have established roles in development or synaptogenesis. Sequence analysis of the other five additional genes shows that two are likely to be involved in G-protein signaling pathways, one is a WD repeat protein, and the remaining two are entirely novel. All seven candidates are expressed in the hippocampus and, in some cases, cortical layers of adult brains. RT-PCR data show that expression increases following synaptogenic lesion. Immunocytochemical analysis in primary hippocampal neurons showed that Calcineurin immunoreactivity was redistributed in neurons during 2 weeks in culture. This redistribution suggests that Calcineurin’s role changes during neurite outgrowth immediately prior to synapse formation in vitro. In addition, inhibiting Calcineurin activity with cyclosporin A enhanced neurite outgrowth, suggesting that Calcineurin has a regulatory role in axon sprouting. The discovery of previously unknown genes involved in the response to neurodegeneration will contribute to our understanding of neural development, responses to CNS trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0169-328X 1872-6941
DOI:	10.1016/S0169-328X(03)00285-7