Comparison of 12-Year-Old Children with Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Non-Exposed Controls on Caregiver Ratings of Executive Function

Differences in caregiver reported executive function in 12-year-old children who were prenatally exposed to cocaine (PCE) compared to children who were not prenatally exposed to cocaine (NCE) were assessed. One hundred and sixty-nine PCE and 169 NCE, primarily African-American, low socioeconomic sta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of youth and adolescence Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 53 - 69
Main Authors:	Minnes, Sonia, Singer, Lynn T., Min, Meeyoung O., Lang, Adelaide M., Ben-Harush, Aya, Short, Elizabeth, Wu, Miaoping
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Boston Springer US 01-01-2014 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adolescents Behavior Behavioral Science and Psychology Brain research Caregivers Carers Child Child and School Psychology Child development Children Children & youth Clinical Psychology Cocaine Cocaine - toxicity Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Control Groups Dopamine Emotions Empirical Research Executive function Executive Function - drug effects Executives Female Females Fetal exposure Health Psychology History of Psychology Human exposure Humans Illicit Drugs - toxicity Law and Psychology Logistic Models Longitudinal Studies Memory Metacognition Neuropsychology Parents & parenting Pregnancy Prenatal development Prenatal exposure Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - chemically induced Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - psychology Prospective Studies Psychological Distress Psychological Tests Psychology Regulation Sex Sex Factors Socioeconomic factors Socioeconomic Status Thinking Skills Prenatal Executive function BRIEF Cocaine Parental rating
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Summary:	Differences in caregiver reported executive function in 12-year-old children who were prenatally exposed to cocaine (PCE) compared to children who were not prenatally exposed to cocaine (NCE) were assessed. One hundred and sixty-nine PCE and 169 NCE, primarily African-American, low socioeconomic status children participated in a prospective longitudinal study. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form was administered. Two broadband BRIEF scores (Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) and Metacognition Index (MI)) and a summary Global Executive Composite (GEC) were computed. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effects of amount of PCE on executive function, controlling for covariates including caregiver (rater) psychological distress, child’s gender and other prenatal drug exposure variables. After adjustment for covariates, amount of PCE was associated with the GEC and two MI subscales, Plan/Organize and Monitor, with heavier exposure associated with more problems of executive function. An amount of PCE by gender interaction revealed amount of PCE effects in other remaining subscales of the MI (Initiate, Working Memory, and Organization of Materials) only among girls. Head circumference did not mediate the effects of cocaine on outcomes. Higher current caregiver psychological distress levels were independently associated with poorer ratings on the executive function scales. Assessment and targeted interventions to improve metacognitive processes are recommended for girls who were prenatally exposed to cocaine.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0047-2891 1573-6601
DOI:	10.1007/s10964-013-9927-3