Inherited MUTYH mutations cause elevated somatic mutation rates and distinctive mutational signatures in normal human cells

Cellular DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species is repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway which includes the DNA glycosylase MUTYH. Inherited biallelic MUTYH mutations cause predisposition to colorectal adenomas and carcinoma. However, the mechanistic progression from germline MUTY...

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Published in:	Nature communications Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 3949
Main Authors:	Robinson, Philip S., Thomas, Laura E., Abascal, Federico, Jung, Hyunchul, Harvey, Luke M. R., West, Hannah D., Olafsson, Sigurgeir, Lee, Bernard C. H., Coorens, Tim H. H., Lee-Six, Henry, Butlin, Laura, Lander, Nicola, Truscott, Rebekah, Sanders, Mathijs A., Lensing, Stefanie V., Buczacki, Simon J. A., ten Hoopen, Rogier, Coleman, Nicholas, Brunton-Sim, Roxanne, Rushbrook, Simon, Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh, Lalloo, Fiona, Campbell, Peter J., Martincorena, Iñigo, Sampson, Julian R., Stratton, Michael R.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 08-07-2022 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	45/23 631/208/69 631/67/1504/1885 631/67/68 631/67/69 692/4020/1503/1581 Adenomatous Polyposis Coli - genetics Adenomatous Polyposis Coli - pathology Aging Amino acid substitution Base excision repair Cancer Colorectal cancer Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA damage DNA glycosylase DNA Glycosylases - genetics DNA Glycosylases - metabolism Epithelial cells Epithelium Genetic Predisposition to Disease Germ-Line Mutation Health risks Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Intestine multidisciplinary Mutation Mutation Rate Mutation rates Polyposis Reactive oxygen species Science Science (multidisciplinary) Signatures Substitutes
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Summary:	Cellular DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species is repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway which includes the DNA glycosylase MUTYH. Inherited biallelic MUTYH mutations cause predisposition to colorectal adenomas and carcinoma. However, the mechanistic progression from germline MUTYH mutations to MUTYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP) is incompletely understood. Here, we sequence normal tissue DNAs from 10 individuals with MAP. Somatic base substitution mutation rates in intestinal epithelial cells were elevated 2 to 4-fold in all individuals, except for one showing a 31-fold increase, and were also increased in other tissues. The increased mutation burdens were of multiple mutational signatures characterised by C > A changes. Different mutation rates and signatures between individuals are likely due to different MUTYH mutations or additional inherited mutations in other BER pathway genes. The elevated base substitution rate in normal cells likely accounts for the predisposition to neoplasia in MAP. Despite ubiquitously elevated mutation rates, individuals with MAP do not display overt evidence of premature ageing. Thus, accumulation of somatic mutations may not be sufficient to cause the global organismal functional decline of ageing. Inherited mutations in MUTYH have been shown to predispose patients to colorectal cancers. Here, the authors show that MUTYH mutations lead to an increased somatic base substitution mutation rate in normal intestinal epithelial cells, which is the likely cause for the increased cancer risk.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2041-1723 2041-1723
DOI:	10.1038/s41467-022-31341-0