Differential transmission of phytoplasma and spiroplasma to maize caused by variation in the environmental temperature in Brazil

Differential transmission of phytoplasma and spiroplasma to maize caused by variation in the environmental temperature in Brazil

The effects of temperature in winter-spring (average 17.0 °C) and spring-summer (average 23.0 °C) seasons on the transmission and latent period of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBS-phytoplasma) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) ( Spiroplasma kunkelii ) caused by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of plant pathology Vol. 157; no. 1; pp. 163 - 171
Main Authors: Sabato, Elizabeth O., Landau, Elena C., Barros, Beatriz A., Oliveira, Charles M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-05-2020
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Agriculture
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Bushy stunt
Cicadellidae
Corn
Ecology
Inoculation
Latent period
Life Sciences
Low temperature
Phytoplasma
Plant diseases
Plant Pathology
Plant Sciences
Seedlings
Signs and symptoms
Spring
Spring (season)
Stunt
Temperature
Temperature effects
Brazil
Mollicutes
Maize bushy stunt
Corn stunt
Corn leafhopper
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Summary:The effects of temperature in winter-spring (average 17.0 °C) and spring-summer (average 23.0 °C) seasons on the transmission and latent period of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (MBS-phytoplasma) and corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) ( Spiroplasma kunkelii ) caused by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLog and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were evaluated in two experiments in a screenhouse in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Approximately 200 mollicute-free adults of D. maidis were confined on popcorn ( Zea mays L. cv. IAC125) plants infected with spiroplasma and the same number of mollicute-free leafhoppers were confined on plants infected with phytoplasma. They remained on the source plants for a 6 d acquisition access period (AAP). Next, leafhoppers were fed healthy popcorn seedlings. Transmission tests were performed with one leafhopper per seedling for each mollicute, with 12 replicates, at 12, 20, 30, 40 d since the first day of AAP. In addition, at 40 d, one leafhopper with phytoplasma and another with spiroplasma were confined together on 24 popcorn seedlings. The inoculation access period (IAP) was 3 d. The temperature was recorded daily during the experimental periods. In Experiment 1, during the 40 d latent period, only 41.6% and 58.3% of plants, respectively, exposed to phytoplasma or to both mollicutes presented MBS-phytoplasma symptoms. In Experiment 2, during the 20 d latent period, some popcorn plants presented MBS-phytoplasma (16.7%) and CSS (33.3%) symptoms, whereas almost 100% of plants at the 30 and 40 d latent period presented disease symptoms. Plant symptoms and results from PCR tests indicated that MBS-phytoplasma was more tolerant to low temperatures than S. kunkelii .
ISSN:0929-1873
1573-8469
DOI:10.1007/s10658-020-01997-9