The ionic liquid 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium demonstrates comparable antimicrobial and antibiofilm behavior to a cationic surfactant

Biofilms are problematic in health and industry because they are resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Ionic liquids are a novel class of low temperature liquid salts consisting of discrete anions and cations, and have attracted considerable interest as safer alternatives to organic solvent...

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Published in:	Biofouling (Chur, Switzerland) Vol. 28; no. 10; pp. 1141 - 1149
Main Authors:	Venkata Nancharaiah, Y., Reddy, G. Kiran Kumar, Lalithamanasa, P., Venugopalan, V.P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Taylor & Francis 01-11-2012 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Adenosine Triphosphate Anions Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology antibiofilm Antifouling Antifouling substances Antiinfectives and antibacterials Antiseptics BacLight™ bacterial staining Bacteria Biocides biofilm control Biofilms Biofilms - drug effects Biofilms - growth & development Cations Cell Membrane Permeability - drug effects Cells Cetrimonium Compounds - chemistry Cetrimonium Compounds - pharmacology Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB Disinfectants Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fluorometry Gram-negative bacteria Imaging techniques Imidazoles - chemistry Imidazoles - pharmacology Iodides ionic liquid Ionic liquids Ionic Liquids - pharmacology Ions Liquids Low temperature Membrane permeability Microscopy, Confocal Molecular Structure Organic solvents Permeability Properties Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology Salts Solvents Staining and Labeling Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects Staphylococcus aureus - physiology Surface-Active Agents - pharmacology Surfactants
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Summary:	Biofilms are problematic in health and industry because they are resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Ionic liquids are a novel class of low temperature liquid salts consisting of discrete anions and cations, and have attracted considerable interest as safer alternatives to organic solvents. Ionic liquids have interesting antimicrobial properties and some could find use in the development of novel antiseptics, biocides and antifouling agents. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimiazolium iodide ([C 12 MIM]I) was studied using the clinically important bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus SAV329 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The ionic liquid increased cell membrane permeability in both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cells and impaired their growth, attachment and biofilm development. The ionic liquid exhibited superior antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the Gram-positive S. aureus compared to the Gram-negative P. aeruginosa cells. BacLight™ staining and confocal microscope imaging confirmed that the ionic liquid treatment increased the cell membrane permeability of both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of [C 12 MIM]I were similar or superior to those of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a well-known cationic surfactant. It is concluded that the ionic liquid induced damage to bacterial cells by disrupting cell membrane, leading to inhibition of growth and biofilm formation. Overall, the results indicate that the ionic liquid 1-dodecyl-3-methylimiazolium iodide was effective in preventing S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms and could have applications in the control of bacterial biofilms.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0892-7014 1029-2454
DOI:	10.1080/08927014.2012.736966