Deconstructing an assemblage of “turtle” barnacles: species assignments and fickle fidelity in Chelonibia

Barnacles in the genus Chelonibia are commensal with a variety of motile marine animals including sea turtles, crustaceans, and sirenians. We conducted a worldwide molecular phylogenetic survey of Chelonibia collected from nearly all known hosts to assess species relationships, host-fidelity, and ph...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Marine biology Vol. 161; no. 1; pp. 45 - 59
Main Authors:	Zardus, John D, Lake, David T, Frick, Michael G, Rawson, Paul D
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 2014 Springer Berlin Heidelberg Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Amphibia. Reptilia Animal and plant ecology Animal populations Animal, plant and microbial ecology Aquatic reptiles Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Caretta Chelonibia Cirripedia Crustacea Crustaceans Distribution Environment Environmental aspects Freshwater & Marine Ecology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology genes genetic distance Haplotypes hosts Invertebrates Life Sciences males Marine Marine & Freshwater Sciences Marine biology Microbiology nucleotide sequences Oceanography Original Paper Phylogenetics phylogeny Population biology ribosomal RNA sea turtles Sea water ecosystems Shellfish surveys Synecology Turtles variance Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution Zoology Indian Ocean United States ISW, Indian Ocean ASW, Panama Barnacle Species Haplotype Cluster Olive Ridley Individual Gene Tree Parsimony Informative Site Crustacea Fidelity Vertebrata Chelonia Arthropoda Cirripedia Reptilia Invertebrata Community
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Summary:	Barnacles in the genus Chelonibia are commensal with a variety of motile marine animals including sea turtles, crustaceans, and sirenians. We conducted a worldwide molecular phylogenetic survey of Chelonibia collected from nearly all known hosts to assess species relationships, host-fidelity, and phylogeographic structure. Using DNA sequences from a protein-coding mitochondrial gene (COI), a mitochondrial rRNA gene (12S), and one nuclear rRNA gene (28S), we found that of four species, three (C. testudinaria, C. patula, and C. manati) are genetically indistinguishable. In addition, we show each utilizes a rare androdioecious mode of reproduction involving complemental males. In contrast, the fourth species (C. caretta), which is hermaphroditic and specializes on turtles, is genetically distinct—leading to the conclusion that the three former taxa are morphotypes of the same species and should be synonymized under C. testudinaria. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in three geographic clades (Atlantic, Indian Ocean/western Pacific, and eastern Pacific) with haplotype parsimony networks revealing no shared haplotypes among geographic regions. Analysis of molecular variance detected significant differences among sequences by region (p < 0.005); conversely, there were no significant differences among sequences when grouped by host or taxonomic designation. Average pairwise genetic distances were lower between the eastern Pacific and Atlantic clades (0.053 ± 0.006) than between the eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean/western Pacific clades (0.073 ± 0.008), suggesting Atlantic and eastern Pacific populations were connected more recently, perhaps until the rise of the Isthmus of Panama. Host use by Chelonibia morphotypes is discussed along with speculation on possible ancestral hosts and support for a “turtle-first” hypothesis.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2312-7 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0025-3162 1432-1793
DOI:	10.1007/s00227-013-2312-7