Paraoxonase and Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphisms and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Noise-induced cochlear epithelium damage can cause hearing loss in industrial workers. In experimental systems, noise induces the release of free radicals and may damage the cochlear sensorial epithelium. Therefore, genes involved in regulating the reactive oxygen species manganese-superoxide dismut...

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Published in:	Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.) Vol. 50; no. 11; pp. 2012 - 2018
Main Authors:	Fortunato, Giuliana, Marciano, Elio, Zarrilli, Federica, Mazzaccara, Cristina, Intrieri, Mariano, Calcagno, Giuseppe, Vitale, Dino F, La Manna, Paolo, Saulino, Claudio, Marcelli, Vincenzo, Sacchetti, Lucia
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC Am Assoc Clin Chem 01-11-2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry Oxford University Press
Subjects:	Adult Aircraft Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry Antioxidants Antioxidants - metabolism Aryldialkylphosphatase - genetics Audiometry, Pure-Tone Automation Biological and medical sciences Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Diabetes Disease Enzymes Free radicals Free Radicals - blood Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic testing Genotypes Hearing loss Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced - diagnosis Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced - genetics Hearing protection Humans Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Liquid chromatography Male Manganese Medical sciences Middle Aged Occupational Diseases - diagnosis Occupational Diseases - genetics Occupational exposure Parkinson's disease Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Genetic Regression Analysis Risk Factors Smoking Superoxide Dismutase - genetics Enzyme Auditory disorder Genotype Superoxide dismutase Esterases Biochemistry Hearing loss Phosphoric triester hydrolases Clinical biology Hydrolases ENT disease Oxidoreductases Aryldialkylphosphatase Molecular biology
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Summary:	Noise-induced cochlear epithelium damage can cause hearing loss in industrial workers. In experimental systems, noise induces the release of free radicals and may damage the cochlear sensorial epithelium. Therefore, genes involved in regulating the reactive oxygen species manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and the antioxidant paraoxonase (PON) could influence cochlea vulnerability to noise. We evaluated whether susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is associated with SOD2, PON1, and PON2 polymorphisms in workers exposed to prolonged loud noise. We enrolled 94 male workers from an aircraft factory in the study. The SOD2 gene was screened by denaturing reversed-phase HPLC, and the PON1 (Q192R and M55L) and PON2 (S311C) polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR amplification followed by digestion with restriction endonucleases. Three known (A16V, IVS3-23T/G, and IVS3-60T/G) and two new SOD2 polymorphisms (IVS1+ 8A/G and IVS3+107T/A) were identified. Regression analysis showed that PON2 (SC+CC) [odds ratio (OR) = 5.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-22.54], SOD2 IVS3-23T/G and IVS3-60T/G (OR = 5.09; 95% CI, 1.27-20.47), age (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36), and smoking (OR = 49.49; 95% CI, 5.09-480.66) were associated with NIHL. No association was detected for PON1 (QQ+RR) and PON1 (LL) genotypes. Our data suggest that SOD2 and PON2 polymorphisms, by exerting variable local tissue antioxidant roles, could predispose to NIHL. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting these data given the small sample size and the difficulty in matching cases to controls regarding the overwhelming risk factor, i.e., smoking at least 10 cigarettes/day.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0009-9147 1530-8561
DOI:	10.1373/clinchem.2004.037788