Temporal differentiation across a West-European Y-chromosomal cline: genealogy as a tool in human population genetics

The pattern of population genetic variation and allele frequencies within a species are unstable and are changing over time according to different evolutionary factors. For humans, it is possible to combine detailed patrilineal genealogical records with deep Y-chromosome (Y-chr) genotyping to disent...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	European journal of human genetics : EJHG Vol. 20; no. 4; pp. 434 - 440
Main Authors:	LARMUSEAU, Maarten Hd, OTTONI, Claudio, RAEYMAEKERS, Joost Am, VANDERHEYDEN, Nancy, LARMUSEAU, Hendrik Fm, DECORTE, Ronny
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basingstoke Nature Publishing Group 01-04-2012
Subjects:	19th century Alleles Archaeology Biological and medical sciences Chromosomes Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics Clines Data processing Differentiation European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics Evolution Forensic medicine Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene frequency Genealogy Genealogy and Heraldry General aspects. Genetic counseling Genetic diversity Genetic structure Genetic Variation Genetics Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution Genetics, Population Genotype Genotyping Historical account Human Human populations Humans Integrated software Laboratories Male Medical genetics Medical sciences Migration Molecular and cellular biology Mutation Paternity Phylogenetics Population genetics Population genetics, reproduction patterns Population structure Population studies Short tandem repeats Single-nucleotide polymorphism Temporal variations Trees Variation Y Chromosomes Europe Belgium Netherlands Human genetic genealogy Genealogy Family study Migration Population structure Y-Chromosome European Population genetics historical migration human population structure Differentiation Brabant
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Summary:	The pattern of population genetic variation and allele frequencies within a species are unstable and are changing over time according to different evolutionary factors. For humans, it is possible to combine detailed patrilineal genealogical records with deep Y-chromosome (Y-chr) genotyping to disentangle signals of historical population genetic structures because of the exponential increase in genetic genealogical data. To test this approach, we studied the temporal pattern of the 'autochthonous' micro-geographical genetic structure in the region of Brabant in Belgium and the Netherlands (Northwest Europe). Genealogical data of 881 individuals from Northwest Europe were collected, from which 634 family trees showed a residence within Brabant for at least one generation. The Y-chr genetic variation of the 634 participants was investigated using 110 Y-SNPs and 38 Y-STRs and linked to particular locations within Brabant on specific time periods based on genealogical records. Significant temporal variation in the Y-chr distribution was detected through a north-south gradient in the frequencies distribution of sub-haplogroup R1b1b2a1 (R-U106), next to an opposite trend for R1b1b2a2g (R-U152). The gradient on R-U106 faded in time and even became totally invisible during the Industrial Revolution in the first half of the nineteenth century. Therefore, genealogical data for at least 200 years are required to study small-scale 'autochthonous' population structure in Western Europe.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	1018-4813 1476-5438
DOI:	10.1038/ejhg.2011.218