Differences in the seismicity preceding the 2007 and 2014 eruptions of Kelud volcano, Indonesia
A significant increase in the number of volcano-tectonic (VT) and VB earthquakes preceded the 2007 and 2014 eruptions of Kelud volcano, Indonesia. The background seismicity rates at the volcano is generally <5 of VTs per month and other types of volcanic earthquakes are rarely recorded. After 17 ...
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| Published in: | Journal of volcanology and geothermal research Vol. 382; pp. 50 - 67 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier B.V
15-09-2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | A significant increase in the number of volcano-tectonic (VT) and VB earthquakes preceded the 2007 and 2014 eruptions of Kelud volcano, Indonesia. The background seismicity rates at the volcano is generally <5 of VTs per month and other types of volcanic earthquakes are rarely recorded. After 17 years of quiescence, the 2007 eruption was preceded by an increase in VTs starting in September 2007, two months prior to the eruption. An intense VT swarm began in October 2007 and led to occurrence of VB, sometimes presenting as repetitive self-similar events. The final precursory seismicity included spasmodic bursts of VTs, repetitive self-similar VBs and low frequency tremor, prior to lava dome formation in the crater lake, on November 3, 2007. After just ~6 years, VTs began to increase again in December 2013. The number significantly intensified in mid January 2014, ~1 month before the eruption. Seismicity continued to intensify including VTs, VBs, and LFs into February 2014, with the final precursory seismicity consisting of a burst of over scale tremor, followed by a short burst of repetitive self-similar events that merged into harmonic, gliding tremor a couple hours prior to the explosive eruption on February 13, 2014. We examine the locations of VTs, the energy release rate, and the precursory seismic pattern prior to both eruptions to understand the differences in the eruptions' style and size. We found that epicentral locations of VTs are similar for both eruptions, but the depths were slightly deeper prior to the 2014 eruption. We also find that the cumulative energy released prior to 2014 is twice that of 2007 and in half the time. The migration of VTs in Kelud volcano may indicate magma intrusion from a deeper storage region in 2014 and at a faster rate, leading to a much more explosive eruption.
•A significant increase on VT earthquake leads to effusive eruption and explosion eruptions of Kelud volcano, Indonesia.•Magnitudes of the VTs were larger in 2014 than in 2007.•The cumulative seismic energy released by VTs in 2014 is twice that of 2007, and occurred in half the time.•The rate of cumulative seismic energy release is greater in 2014 and the resulting explosion was greater (VEI 4 vs VEI 2). |
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| ISSN: | 0377-0273 1872-6097 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.10.017 |