Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessing Pre-Writing Skills of 2-5 y old Children

Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessing Pre-Writing Skills of 2-5 y old Children

Objectives To develop a tool to assess pre-writing skills of 2-5 y old children in India. Methods The tool development process followed the recommendations by Fitzpatrick et al. and the Consensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN), and included 4 phases. In...

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Published in:Indian journal of pediatrics Vol. 91; no. 10; pp. 1014 - 1020
Main Authors: George, Babu, Aswathymana Raju, Jubyraj, Mundappaliyil Leela, Leena, Appukkuttan Omana, Mini, Bhaskaran, Deepa, Saradamma, Remadevi, Sarasamma, Letha, Madhavan Amrutha, Lekshmi, Kunjumon, Reshma, Indiradevi, Lalikumari, Mahendran, Preema
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New Delhi Springer India 01-10-2024
Subjects:
Child Development
Child, Preschool
Female
Gynecology
Humans
India
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Original Article
Pediatrics
Pilot Projects
Psychometrics
Reproducibility of Results
Writing - standards
India
Writing readiness
Screening tool
Pre-school child
Reliability and Validity
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Summary:Objectives To develop a tool to assess pre-writing skills of 2-5 y old children in India. Methods The tool development process followed the recommendations by Fitzpatrick et al. and the Consensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN), and included 4 phases. In Phase I, an initial 35-item draft tool was developed by an expert panel for the tool-development. In Phase II, the 35-item draft tool was prevalidated through peer and expert reviews, pilot-study to assess the tool-comprehensibility, and assessment of test-retest and inter-rater reliability. In Phase III, the 35-item draft tool was administered on the 575 typically developing children aged 2-5 y, recruited from rural, urban, slum, and coastal areas through stratified random sampling. In Phase IV, the normative age-range for development of each item was generated by calculating the age-percentiles (10 th , 25 th , 50 th , 75 th , 90 th ). Factor analysis and item reduction was done for items in 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5 y age-groups. The final tool was converted to graphic format with 10 th -90 th age-percentile bars. Results The final tool had 26 items with a three-factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha was within acceptable limits for all three age-groups (0.723, 0.778, and 0.823 in 2-3 y, 3-4 y, and 4-5 y respectively). Kappa coefficients of the items ranged from 0.6-1 in interrater reliability and 0.64-1 test-retest reliability analysis reflecting substantial agreement between ratings. Conclusions A 26-item screening tool “Prewriting skills Assessment Tool” (PAT) to assess writing readiness of 2-5 y old children was developed. Tool reliability and construct validity have been established.
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ISSN:0019-5456
0973-7693
0973-7693
DOI:10.1007/s12098-023-04776-6