Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves enhances disease resistance in Channa punctata from Vibrio harveyi infection

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves enhances disease resistance in Channa punctata from Vibrio harveyi infection

Background Channa punctata , Indian spotted snakehead, has a great economic value in south and south-east Asia being an important protein source for humans. Fish cultures are affected due to various bacterial and viral infections. Vibrio harveyi is a fish pathogenic bacteria which causes several out...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of basic & applied zoology Vol. 82; no. 1; pp. 1 - 11
Main Authors: Verma, Vipin Kumar, Prakash, Om, Kumar, R. Shiva Raj, Rani, Kumari Vandana, Sehgal, Neeta
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 07-01-2021
Springer Nature B.V
SpringerOpen
Subjects:
Alkaline phosphatase
Antibacterial
Antibacterial activity
Antioxidant
Antioxidants
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Channa punctata
Channa punctata fish
Disease resistance
Eichhornia crassipes
Ethanol
Fish immunity
Flavonoids
Gas chromatography
GC-MS
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immunostimulant
Immunostimulation
Inflammation
Kidneys
Leaves
Life Sciences
Macrophages
Mass spectroscopy
Methanol
Phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Phospholipids
Physiology
Spleen
Vibrio harveyi
Zoology
GC-MS
Immunostimulant
Antibacterial
Antioxidant
fish
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Summary:Background Channa punctata , Indian spotted snakehead, has a great economic value in south and south-east Asia being an important protein source for humans. Fish cultures are affected due to various bacterial and viral infections. Vibrio harveyi is a fish pathogenic bacteria which causes several outbreaks throughout the world and leads to huge mortalities. In this study, leaves of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) were used to investigate its immunostimulatory potential in Channa punctata . Results The immunostimulatory effects of water hyacinth leaves were studied in fish fed with 2.5% and 5% supplementary feed (experimental groups) in comparison to normal feed (control groups). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of E. crassipes methanol extract showed presence of various components which have immunostimulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential, and presence of phenol and flavonoids in methanol and ethanol extracts supported its use in fish feed. The healthy acclimatized fish were challenged with V. harveyi weekly. Liver function tests, alkaline phosphatase levels, and immunoglobulin content in the experimental groups were improved with respect to those in the positive control group. The spleen and head kidney were obtained at the final day of experiment, and macrophages were isolated; higher percentage of phagocytosis and phagocytic index indicated enhanced cell-mediated immune response in fish due to supplemented feed. Conclusion Plant-infused feed with leaves of E. crassipes can be recommended as a regular feed supplement to enhance fish immunity and disease resistance against the V. harveyi infection.
ISSN:2090-990X
2090-990X
DOI:10.1186/s41936-020-00203-w