Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards for Interventions That Use Artificial Intelligence (CHEERS-AI)

Economic evaluations (EEs) are commonly used by decision makers to understand the value of health interventions. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS 2022) provide reporting guidelines for EEs. Healthcare systems will increasingly see new interventions that use art...

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Published in:	Value in health Vol. 27; no. 9; pp. 1196 - 1205
Main Authors:	Elvidge, Jamie, Hawksworth, Claire, Avşar, Tuba Saygın, Zemplenyi, Antal, Chalkidou, Anastasia, Petrou, Stavros, Petykó, Zsuzsanna, Srivastava, Divya, Chandra, Gunjan, Delaye, Julien, Denniston, Alastair, Gomes, Manuel, Knies, Saskia, Nousios, Petros, Siirtola, Pekka, Wang, Junfeng, Dawoud, Dalia, Arbour, Sylvie, Asche, Carl, Ashurst, Carolyn, Balkanyi, Laszlo, Bennett, Hayley, Boros, Gerzson, Boyce, Rebecca, Carswell, Chris, Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn, Chhatwal, Jagpreet, Ciani, Oriana, Collins, Gary, Dawson, David, Vanness, David, Di Bidino, Rossella, Faulding, Susan, Felizzi, Federico, Haig, Madeleine, Hawkins, James, Hiligsmann, Mikaël, Holst-Kristensen, Annette Willemoes, Isla, Julian, Koffijberg, Erik, Kostyuk, Alexander, Krief, Noemi, Lee, Dawn, Lee, Karen, Lundin, Douglas, Markiewicz-Barreaux, Katarzyna, Mauskopf, Josephine, Moons, Karel, Németh, Bertalan, Petrova, Guenka, Pwu, Raoh-Fang (Jasmine), Rejon-Parrilla, Juan Carlos, Rogers, Gabriel, Sampson, Chris, Springborg, Astrid Aaen, Steuten, Lotte, Sutherland, Eric, Suutala, Jaakko, Theisen, Daniel, Thompson, Alexander, van Gemert-Pijnen, Lisette, Walker, Thomas, Wilson, Ed
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2024 Elsevier
Subjects:	artificial intelligence Artificial Intelligence - economics Checklist CHEERS checklist Consensus Cost-Benefit Analysis - methods Delphi Technique Economics, Medical health economic evaluation Humans Methodology reporting guideline Surveys and Questionnaires reporting guideline health economic evaluation artificial intelligence CHEERS checklist
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Summary:	Economic evaluations (EEs) are commonly used by decision makers to understand the value of health interventions. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS 2022) provide reporting guidelines for EEs. Healthcare systems will increasingly see new interventions that use artificial intelligence (AI) to perform their function. We developed Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards for Interventions that use AI (CHEERS-AI) to ensure EEs of AI-based health interventions are reported in a transparent and reproducible manner. Potential CHEERS-AI reporting items were informed by 2 published systematic literature reviews of EEs and a contemporary update. A Delphi study was conducted using 3 survey rounds to elicit multidisciplinary expert views on 26 potential items, through a 9-point Likert rating scale and qualitative comments. An online consensus meeting was held to finalize outstanding reporting items. A digital health patient group reviewed the final checklist from a patient perspective. A total of 58 participants responded to survey round 1, 42, and 31 of whom responded to rounds 2 and 3, respectively. Nine participants joined the consensus meeting. Ultimately, 38 reporting items were included in CHEERS-AI. They comprised the 28 original CHEERS 2022 items, plus 10 new AI-specific reporting items. Additionally, 8 of the original CHEERS 2022 items were elaborated on to ensure AI-specific nuance is reported. CHEERS-AI should be used when reporting an EE of an intervention that uses AI to perform its function. CHEERS-AI will help decision makers and reviewers to understand important AI-specific details of an intervention, and any implications for the EE methods used and cost-effectiveness conclusions. •The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is expanding rapidly. New health interventions that use AI to perform their functions are increasingly expected to be developed. To date, the reporting of economic evaluations (EEs) of AI-based health interventions appears to lack important details regarding the AI nature of the intervention and potential implications for cost-effectiveness results.•The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards for Interventions that use AI (CHEERS-AI) checklist is intended to standardize reporting of EEs of health technologies that use AI. Developed using a Delphi study, it contains 38 reporting items in total. It comprises the original 28 CHEERS-2022 checklist items with 8 elaborations to draw out potential AI-related nuances, plus 10 new AI-specific items that extend upon CHEERS-2022.•The CHEERS-AI checklist will ensure that important details relating to the AI nature of the intervention and implications for the analysis are reported in a transparent and reproducible way. CHEERS-AI will also support the interpretation and comparison of such studies by reviewers and decision makers. It will raise the standard of EEs reporting for AI technologies as their presence in healthcare proliferates.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1098-3015 1524-4733 1524-4733
DOI:	10.1016/j.jval.2024.05.006