The alignment and fusion assembly of adipose-derived stem cells on mechanically patterned matrices

Abstract Cell patterning is typically accomplished by selectively depositing proteins for cell adhesion only on patterned regions; however in tissues, cells are also influenced by mechanical stimuli, which can also result in patterned arrangements of cells. We developed a mechanically-patterned hydr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Biomaterials Vol. 33; no. 29; pp. 6943 - 6951
Main Authors:	Choi, Yu Suk, Vincent, Ludovic G, Lee, Andrew R, Kretchmer, Kyle C, Chirasatitsin, Somyot, Dobke, Marek K, Engler, Adam J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2012
Subjects:	Adipose Tissue - cytology Adult Advanced Basic Science Animals Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Cell Culture Techniques - methods Cell Differentiation Cell Lineage Cells, Cultured Chickens Dentistry Humans Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Hydrogels - chemistry Mice Migration Muscle Cells - cytology Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - cytology Muscles - cytology Myogenic differentiation Myotube Neurons - metabolism Phenotype Stem Cells - cytology Stiffness Stiffness Myotube Myogenic differentiation Migration
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Summary:	Abstract Cell patterning is typically accomplished by selectively depositing proteins for cell adhesion only on patterned regions; however in tissues, cells are also influenced by mechanical stimuli, which can also result in patterned arrangements of cells. We developed a mechanically-patterned hydrogel to observe and compare it to extracellular matrix (ECM) ligand patterns to determine how to best regulate and improve cell type-specific behaviors. Ligand-based patterning on hydrogels was not robust over prolonged culture, but cells on mechanically-patterned hydrogels differentially sorted based on stiffness preference: myocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) underwent stiffness-mediated migration, i.e. durotaxis, and remained on myogenic hydrogel regions. Myocytes developed aligned striations and fused on myogenic stripes of the mechanically-patterned hydrogel. ASCs aligned and underwent myogenesis, but their fusion rate increased, as did the number of cells fusing into a myotube as a result of their alignment. Conversely, neuronal cells did not exhibit durotaxis and could be seen on soft regions of the hydrogel for prolonged culture time. These results suggest that mechanically-patterned hydrogels could provide a platform to create tissue engineered, innervated micro-muscles of neural and muscle phenotypes juxtaposed next to each other in order better recreate a muscle niche.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0142-9612 1878-5905
DOI:	10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.057