B-cell-depletion reverses dysbiosis of the microbiome in multiple sclerosis patients

To elucidate cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal changes of oral and stool microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and the effect of B-cell depletion. We conducted an observational, longitudinal clinical cohort study analysing four timepoints over 12 months in 36 MS patients, of whom 22...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 3728
Main Authors:	Troci, Alba, Zimmermann, Olga, Esser, Daniela, Krampitz, Paula, May, Sandra, Franke, Andre, Berg, Daniela, Leypoldt, Frank, Stürner, Klarissa Hanja, Bang, Corinna
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 08-03-2022 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	631/114 631/326/2522 631/378/371 692/617/375/1666 Autoimmune diseases Bacteria Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Dysbacteriosis Dysbiosis - microbiology Feces - microbiology Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics Gram-negative bacteria Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Inflammation Lymphocytes B Microbiomes Microbiota Microorganisms multidisciplinary Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy Oral cavity Patients RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Science Science (multidisciplinary)
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Summary:	To elucidate cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal changes of oral and stool microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and the effect of B-cell depletion. We conducted an observational, longitudinal clinical cohort study analysing four timepoints over 12 months in 36 MS patients, of whom 22 initiated B-cell depleting therapy with ocrelizumab and a healthy control group. For microbiota analysis of the oral cavity and the gut, provided stool and oral swab samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analyses. Oral microbiota-patterns exhibited a reduced alpha-diversity and unique differential microbiota changes compared to stool such as increased levels of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Actinobacteria. Following B-cell depletion, we observed increased alpha-diversity in the gut and the oral cavity as well as a long-term sustained reduction of pro-inflammatory Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia/Shigella ). MS patients have altered stool and oral microbiota diversity patterns compared to healthy controls, which are most pronounced in patients with higher disease activity and disability. Therapeutic B-cell depletion is associated with persisting regression of these changes. Whether these microbial changes are unspecific side-effects of B-cell depletion or indirectly modulate MS disease activity and progression is currently unknown and necessitates further investigations.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-022-07336-8