Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs

Background Salivary bile acids are used to diagnose extraesophageal reflux (EER) and to evaluate the risk of reflux aspiration that is associated with respiratory diseases in dogs. Objectives To study total bile acid (TBA) concentrations in saliva and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to invest...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of veterinary internal medicine Vol. 37; no. 1; pp. 268 - 276
Main Authors:	Kouki, Sirkku, Viitanen, Sanna J., Koho, Ninna, Laurila, Henna P., Lilja‐Maula, Liisa, Holopainen, Saila, Neuvonen, Mikko, Niemi, Mikko, Fastrès, Aline, Clercx, Cécile, Rajamäki, Minna M.
Format:	Journal Article Web Resource
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-01-2023 John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley
Subjects:	Acids aerodigestive disorder Animals Bacterial pneumonia Bile bile acid Bile acids Bile Acids and Salts Biochemistry Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Bronchoscopy canine canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Dog Diseases - diagnosis Dogs Esophagus Gastroesophageal reflux Gastroesophageal Reflux - complications Gastroesophageal Reflux - veterinary General Veterinary Hematology Histopathology Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - veterinary Lavage Life sciences mass spectrometry Medical research Medicine, Experimental Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale Observational studies Parasites Pathogenesis Pneumonia Pulmonary fibrosis Respiratory diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases - complications Respiratory Tract Diseases - veterinary Sciences du vivant SMALL ANIMAL Tomography Veterinary (all) Veterinary medicine & animal health Belgium Finland mass spectrometry canine aerodigestive disorder canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis bile acid
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Summary:	Background Salivary bile acids are used to diagnose extraesophageal reflux (EER) and to evaluate the risk of reflux aspiration that is associated with respiratory diseases in dogs. Objectives To study total bile acid (TBA) concentrations in saliva and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to investigate EER and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs. Animals Thirty‐one West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 12 dogs with inflammatory airway disease (IAD), 6 dogs with recurrent pneumonia (RP), 26 brachycephalic dogs (BD), 27 healthy WHWTs (HW), 52 healthy dogs (HD). All privately‐owned dogs. Methods Saliva and BALF were collected from dogs in each group. Results Salivary TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (median 0.1692 μM, interquartile range [IQR] 0.1115‐0.2925 μM, Cohen's d 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2‐4.0, P < .001) and BD (0.0256 μM, IQR 0.0086‐0.0417 μM, d 0.5, CI −0.1 to 1.1, P = .003) compared to HD (0 μM, IQR not quantifiable [n.q.]‐0.0131 μM). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (0.0117 μM, IQR 0.0048‐0.0361 μM, d 0.5, CI 0‐1.1, P < .001) compared to HD (0 μM, IQR n.q.‐0.0074 μM). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration occur in healthy dogs and those with respiratory diseases.
Bibliography:	Funding information Finnish Veterinary Research Foundation; Finnish Kennel Club; Finnish Foundation of Veterinary Research ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 scopus-id:2-s2.0-85146468809 Funding information Finnish Veterinary Research Foundation; Finnish Kennel Club; Finnish Foundation of Veterinary Research
ISSN:	0891-6640 1939-1676 1939-1676
DOI:	10.1111/jvim.16622