Evaluation protocols for flammable and toxic dispersion models

Evaluation protocols for flammable and toxic dispersion models

The siting of liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities requires several types of hazards to be quantified so that the risk to the public and public property in areas surrounding each facility can be properly assessed. In order to quantify the hazards from potential accident scenarios, computational to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Process safety progress Vol. 41; no. 2; pp. 362 - 371
Main Authors: Gavelli, Filippo, Hendrickson, Bryant, Kooy, Rich, Kolade, Babajide
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-06-2022
John Wiley and Sons, Limited
Subjects:
Computational fluid dynamics
Computer applications
Dispersion
Empirical analysis
Evaluation
Explosions
Flammability
Flammable gases
Fluid dynamics
Gas pipelines
Hazard assessment
Hazardous materials
Hydrodynamics
Liquefied natural gas
LNG
model evaluation
model validation
Natural gas
Reviews
Safety
Safety factors
Software
Three dimensional models
Toxic hazards
Vapor clouds
Vapors
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Summary:The siting of liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities requires several types of hazards to be quantified so that the risk to the public and public property in areas surrounding each facility can be properly assessed. In order to quantify the hazards from potential accident scenarios, computational tools must be used. Given the multiplicity of tools available, ranging from empirical models to 3D computational fluid dynamics packages, the agency responsible for reviewing the hazard analysis may not have the methodologies or protocols necessary to determine the suitability of a given model to a certain scenario, its accuracy, and any other setup requirements. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) commissioned Blue Engineering and Consulting and the Gas Technology Institute to develop a set of model evaluation protocols (MEPs) that will allow the review of modeling tools for several different hazards, including flammable and toxic dispersion, source terms for dispersion models, vapor cloud explosions, and boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (BLEVEs). The project will provide PHMSA with the means to properly evaluate modeling tools for these hazards, which are required to be evaluated in an LNG facility siting study. It will also provide clarity to LNG plant developers and their safety consultants on which models may be used and which safety factors need to be applied, and will increase the public's confidence in the regulatory review process of LNG facilities. This article discusses the first two MEPs completed as part of this project, which are focused on evaluating flammable dispersion and toxic dispersion models, respectively. This article describes the evaluation methodology, including the information to be submitted by the model proponents and the review process, and the model validation databases compiled for each protocol.
Bibliography:Funding information
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Grant/Award Number: 693JK31910009POTA
ISSN:1066-8527
1547-5913
DOI:10.1002/prs.12311