A Brief Overview of Cholinergic and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors in Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) comprises a wide spectrum of lower urinary tract symptoms that impact diabetic patients' lives, including urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, and incomplete bladder emptying. To relieve symptoms, anticholinergics have been widely prescribed and are consi...

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Published in:	International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 19; p. 10704
Main Authors:	Kallinikas, Georgios, Haronis, Georgios, Kallinika, Eirini, Kozyrakis, Diomidis, Rodinos, Evangelos, Filios, Athanasios, Filios, Panagiotis, Mityliniou, Despoina, Safioleas, Konstantinos, Zarkadas, Anastasios, Bozios, Dimitrios, Karmogiannis, Athanasios, Konstantinopoulos, Vasileios, Konomi, Anna Maria, Ektesabi, Amin M, Tsoporis, James N
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-10-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	acetylcholine Animals anti-cholinergic drugs Bladder Bladder diseases Causes of Cholinergic Antagonists - therapeutic use Cholinesterase inhibitors Complications and side effects Darifenacin Diabetes Diabetes Complications - drug therapy diabetic bladder Diabetics Dosage and administration Drug therapy Humans muscarinic receptors Nervous system Pathogenesis PDE5 PDE5 inhibitors Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors - pharmacology Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors - therapeutic use Prostate Proteins Quality of life Review Smooth muscle Trospium Type 2 diabetes Urinary Bladder - drug effects Urinary Bladder - pathology Urinary Bladder - physiopathology Urinary Bladder Diseases - drug therapy Urinary Bladder Diseases - etiology Urinary incontinence Greece PDE5 diabetic bladder muscarinic receptors acetylcholine PDE5 inhibitors anti-cholinergic drugs
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Summary:	Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) comprises a wide spectrum of lower urinary tract symptoms that impact diabetic patients' lives, including urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, and incomplete bladder emptying. To relieve symptoms, anticholinergics have been widely prescribed and are considered an effective treatment. There is increasing evidence that diabetic patients may benefit from the use of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. This narrative review aims to provide a brief overview of the pathophysiology of DBD along with a focus on cholinergic and phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapies that benefit DBD. An examination of the literature suggests compelling avenues of research and underscores critical gaps in understanding the mechanisms underlying DBD. New tools and models, especially rodent models, are required to further elucidate the mechanisms of action of current therapies in the treatment of DBS.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms251910704