The Impact of Model Assumptions on Personalized Lung Cancer Screening Recommendations
Background Recommendations regarding personalized lung cancer screening are being informed by natural-history modeling. Therefore, understanding how differences in model assumptions affect model-based personalized screening recommendations is essential. Design Five Cancer Intervention and Surveillan...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Medical decision making Vol. 44; no. 5; pp. 497 - 511 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01-07-2024
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Background
Recommendations regarding personalized lung cancer screening are being informed by natural-history modeling. Therefore, understanding how differences in model assumptions affect model-based personalized screening recommendations is essential.
Design
Five Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models were evaluated. Lung cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distributions were compared across 4 theoretical scenarios to assess model assumptions regarding 1) sojourn times, 2) stage-specific sensitivities, and 3) screening-induced lung cancer mortality reductions. Analyses were stratified by sex and smoking behavior.
Results
Most cancers had sojourn times <5 y (model range [MR]; lowest to highest value across models: 83.5%–98.7% of cancers). However, cancer aggressiveness still varied across models, as demonstrated by differences in proportions of cancers with sojourn times <2 y (MR: 42.5%–64.6%) and 2 to 4 y (MR: 28.8%–43.6%). Stage-specific sensitivity varied, particularly for stage I (MR: 31.3%–91.5%). Screening reduced stage IV incidence in most models for 1 y postscreening; increased sensitivity prolonged this period to 2 to 5 y. Screening-induced lung cancer mortality reductions among lung cancers detected at screening ranged widely (MR: 14.6%–48.9%), demonstrating variations in modeled treatment effectiveness of screen-detected cases. All models assumed longer sojourn times and greater screening-induced lung cancer mortality reductions for women. Models assuming differences in cancer epidemiology by smoking behaviors assumed shorter sojourn times and lower screening-induced lung cancer mortality reductions for heavy smokers.
Conclusions
Model-based personalized screening recommendations are primarily driven by assumptions regarding sojourn times (favoring longer intervals for groups more likely to develop less aggressive cancers), sensitivity (higher sensitivities favoring longer intervals), and screening-induced mortality reductions (greater reductions favoring shorter intervals).
Implications
Models suggest longer screening intervals may be feasible and benefits may be greater for women and light smokers.
Highlights
Natural-history models are increasingly used to inform lung cancer screening, but causes for variations between models are difficult to assess.
This is the first evaluation of these causes and their impact on personalized screening recommendations through easily interpretable metrics.
Models vary regarding sojourn times, stage-specific sensitivities, and screening-induced lung cancer mortality reductions.
Model outcomes were similar in predicting greater screening benefits for women and potentially light smokers. Longer screening intervals may be feasible for women and light smokers. |
|---|---|
| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 0272-989X 1552-681X 1552-681X |
| DOI: | 10.1177/0272989X241249182 |