Characterizing Head Acceleration Events in Law Enforcement Cadets During Subject Control Technique Training

Characterizing Head Acceleration Events in Law Enforcement Cadets During Subject Control Technique Training

Law enforcement cadets (LECs) complete weeks of subject control technique training. Similar sport-related combat training has been shown to expose participants to head acceleration events (HAEs) that have potential to result in short- and long-term impairments. The purpose of this study was to descr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of biomedical engineering Vol. 52; no. 10; pp. 2768 - 2779
Main Authors: Smith, Carly R., Onate, James A., Edwards, Nathan A., Hagen, Joshua A., Kolba, Chris, Paur, Scott, Walters, Joshua, Caccese, Jaclyn B.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-10-2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Acceleration
Adult
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Biophysics
Boxing
Classical Mechanics
Differential thermal analysis
Female
Head - physiology
Humans
Law Enforcement
Male
Police - education
Rotation
S.I. : Concussions II
Training
Young Adult
Combat training
Repetitive head impacts
Concussion
Police
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Summary:Law enforcement cadets (LECs) complete weeks of subject control technique training. Similar sport-related combat training has been shown to expose participants to head acceleration events (HAEs) that have potential to result in short- and long-term impairments. The purpose of this study was to describe the number and magnitude of HAEs in LECs throughout their training. 37 LECs (7 females; age = 30.6 ± 8.8 years; BMI = 30.0 ± 6.0) were recruited from a law enforcement organization. Participants wore instrumented mouthguards, which recorded all HAEs exceeding a resultant 5 g threshold for training sessions with the potential for HAEs. Participants completed three defensive tactics (DT) training sessions, a DT skill assessment (DTA), and three boxing sessions. Outcome measures included the number of HAEs, peak linear acceleration (PLA), and peak rotational velocity (PRV). There were 2758 true-positive HAEs recorded across the duration of the study. Boxing sessions accounted for 63.7% of all true-positive HAEs, while DT accounted for 31.4% and DTA accounted for 4.9%. Boxing sessions resulted in a higher number of HAEs per session ( F 2,28  = 48.588, p  < 0.001, η p 2  = 0.776), and higher median PLA ( F 2,28  = 8.609, p  = 0.001, η p 2  = 0.381) and median PRV ( F 2,28  = 11.297, p  < 0.001, η p 2  = 0.447) than DT and DTA. The LECs experience a high number of HAEs, particularly during boxing sessions. Although this training is necessary for job duties, HAE monitoring may lead to modifications in training structure to improve participant safety and enhance recovery.
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Associate Editor Jillian Urban oversaw the review of this article.
ISSN:0090-6964
1573-9686
1573-9686
DOI:10.1007/s10439-023-03382-z