In vivo effects of L1 coating on inflammation and neuronal health at the electrode–tissue interface in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion

The spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are target implantation regions for neural prosthetics, but the tissue–electrode interface in these regions is not well-studied. To improve understanding of these locations, the tissue reactions around implanted electrodes were characterized. L1, a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Acta biomaterialia Vol. 8; no. 10; pp. 3561 - 3575
Main Authors:	Kolarcik, C.L., Bourbeau, D., Azemi, E., Rost, E., Zhang, L., Lagenaur, C.F., Weber, D.J., Cui, X.T.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2012
Subjects:	adhesion adults Animals antibodies Antigens, Nuclear - metabolism bioactive properties Biocompatibility brain Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism Caspase 3 - metabolism Cell Adhesion - drug effects cell death Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology coatings Electrode electrodes Electrodes, Implanted ganglia Ganglia, Spinal - drug effects Ganglia, Spinal - enzymology Ganglia, Spinal - pathology Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism inflammation Inflammation - pathology Interface Microfilament Proteins - metabolism Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 - pharmacology Neural prosthesis Neurofilament Proteins - metabolism neuroglia neurons Neurons - drug effects Neurons - metabolism Neurons - pathology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley spinal cord Spinal Cord - drug effects Spinal Cord - pathology Staining and Labeling Surface modification Surface Properties - drug effects Vimentin - metabolism Surface modification Biocompatibility Electrode Interface Neural prosthesis
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Summary:	The spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are target implantation regions for neural prosthetics, but the tissue–electrode interface in these regions is not well-studied. To improve understanding of these locations, the tissue reactions around implanted electrodes were characterized. L1, an adhesion molecule shown to maintain neuronal density and reduce gliosis in brain tissue, was then evaluated in SC and DRG implants. Following L1 immobilization onto neural electrodes, the bioactivities of the coatings were verified in vitro using neuron, astrocyte and microglia cultures. Non-modified and L1-coated electrodes were implanted into adult rats for 1 or 4weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining along with cell-type specific antibodies were used to characterize the tissue response. In the SC and DRG, cells aggregated at the electrode–tissue interface. Microglia staining was more intense around the implant site and decreased with distance from the interface. Neurofilament staining in both locations decreased or was absent around the implant, compared with surrounding tissue. With L1, neurofilament staining was significantly increased while neuronal cell death decreased. These results indicate that L1-modified electrodes may result in an improved chronic neural interface and will be evaluated in recording and stimulation studies.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.034 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1742-7061 1878-7568
DOI:	10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.034