Multimodal correlative imaging and modelling of phosphorus uptake from soil by hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi

Summary Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) aid its uptake by acquiring P from sources distant from roots in return for carbon. Little is known about how AMF colonise soil pore‐space, and models of AMF‐enhanced P‐uptake are poorly validated. We used synch...

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Published in:	The New phytologist Vol. 234; no. 2; pp. 688 - 703
Main Authors:	Keyes, Sam, Veelen, Arjen, McKay Fletcher, Dan, Scotson, Callum, Koebernick, Nico, Petroselli, Chiara, Williams, Katherine, Ruiz, Siul, Cooper, Laura, Mayon, Robbie, Duncan, Simon, Dumont, Marc, Jakobsen, Iver, Oldroyd, Giles, Tkacz, Andrzej, Poole, Philip, Mosselmans, Fred, Borca, Camelia, Huthwelker, Thomas, Jones, David L., Roose, Tiina
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-04-2022 Wiley John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	Aluminium Aluminum Arbuscular mycorrhizas ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS Computed tomography Fluorescence Fungi Growth rate Hyphae Inoculation Microbiomes Modelling Mycorrhizae mycorrhizas Oxidation Phosphorus Plant growth plant phosphorus uptake Plant Roots - microbiology rhizosphere modelling Soil Soil - chemistry Soil Microbiology Soil microorganisms Soils Sulfur Sulphur synchrotron Synchrotrons Tomography Uptake X‐ray computed tomography X‐ray fluorescence mycorrhizas X-ray fluorescence X-ray computed tomography synchrotron plant phosphorus uptake rhizosphere modelling
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Summary:	Summary Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) aid its uptake by acquiring P from sources distant from roots in return for carbon. Little is known about how AMF colonise soil pore‐space, and models of AMF‐enhanced P‐uptake are poorly validated. We used synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography to visualize mycorrhizas in soil and synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence/X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XRF/XANES) elemental mapping for P, sulphur (S) and aluminium (Al) in combination with modelling. We found that AMF inoculation had a suppressive effect on colonisation by other soil fungi and identified differences in structure and growth rate between hyphae of AMF and nonmycorrhizal fungi. Our results showed that AMF co‐locate with areas of high P and low Al, and preferentially associate with organic‐type P species over Al‐rich inorganic P. We discovered that AMF avoid Al‐rich areas as a source of P. Sulphur‐rich regions were found to be correlated with higher hyphal density and an increased organic‐associated P‐pool, whilst oxidized S‐species were found close to AMF hyphae. Increased S oxidation close to AMF suggested the observed changes were microbiome‐related. Our experimentally‐validated model led to an estimate of P‐uptake by AMF hyphae that is an order of magnitude lower than rates previously estimated – a result with significant implications for the modelling of plant–soil–AMF interactions.
Bibliography:	These authors contributed equally to this work. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 LA-UR-21-22547 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) AC02-76SF00515; NE/L00237/1; 646809-DIMR; EP/M020355/1; BB/L02620/1; BB/L502625/1; BB/P004180/1; BB/N013387/1; BB/R017859/1; 89233218CNA000001 European Research Council (ERC) NERC USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
ISSN:	0028-646X 1469-8137
DOI:	10.1111/nph.17980