Antibodies to specific domains of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 and its relationship with protection from severe malarial anemia: A prospective study among Ghanaian children

Antibodies to specific domains of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 and its relationship with protection from severe malarial anemia: A prospective study among Ghanaian children

Background Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 (PfEMP‐1) is important in malaria pathogenicity as it mediates Pf‐infected erythrocytes cytoadherence to host endothelial microvasculature receptors. Naturally acquired antibodies against specific PfEMP‐1 antigens may be beneficial in c...

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Published in:Health science reports Vol. 7; no. 10; pp. e70123 - n/a
Main Authors: Nkansah, Charles, Osei‐Boakye, Felix, Abbam, Gabriel, Appiah, Samuel K., Derigubah, Charles A., Bani, Simon B., Daud, Samira, Alhassan, Emmanuel K., Adjei, Isaac, Appiah‐Kubi, Emmanuel, Koduah, Anastasia, Boakye, Bright, Abdulai, Samsiyatu, Anass, Neena I., Serwaa, Dorcas, Ukwah, Boniface N., Usanga, Victor U., Chukwurah, Ejike F.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-10-2024
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Subjects:
Anemia
Antibodies
Antigens
Antiparasitic agents
Automation
Bone marrow
Cell adhesion & migration
Cytokines
Endothelium
Hematology
Inflammation
Malaria
Original Research
P. falciparum malaria
Parasites
Pf. Infected‐children
PfEMP‐1 antibodies
Plasma
Proteins
severe malarial anemia
Statistical analysis
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Ghana
Pf. Infected‐children
severe malarial anemia
P. falciparum malaria
PfEMP‐1 antibodies
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Summary:Background Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 (PfEMP‐1) is important in malaria pathogenicity as it mediates Pf‐infected erythrocytes cytoadherence to host endothelial microvasculature receptors. Naturally acquired antibodies against specific PfEMP‐1 antigens may be beneficial in clinical malaria protection. This study determined antibodies to DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains of PfEMP‐1 in children with P. falciparum malaria in Tamale, Ghana. Methods Sixty P. falciparum‐infected children, and 30 controls, aged 1–12 years were recruited for this case‐control study from April to July 2023 in Northern Ghana. Participants with uncomplicated malaria had asexual P. falciparum in peripheral blood and Hb ≥ 5.0 g/dL, and severe malaria was diagnosed when participants had Hb < 5.0 g/dL in addition to asexual P. falciparum in peripheral blood. Blood cell indices were measured using hematology analyzer, and IgG antibodies to DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains of PfEMP‐1 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results The prevalence of PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies among P. falciparum‐infected children and the uninfected group was 65.0% and 6.7%, respectively. PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies were present in 83.3% of uncomplicated malaria cases, and 46.7% in severe malaria subjects. Plasma levels of PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies were elevated in participants with uncomplicated malaria compared to those with severe malaria (p < 0.001). Hemoglobin, RBC, HCT, and platelet were significantly lower among P. falciparum‐infected children without PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies than among those with the antibodies. Prevalence of anemia among children with PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies and those without the antibodies were 74.4% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion The high prevalence of PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies to DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains observed in participants with uncomplicated malaria, and the relationship between PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies and blood cell parameters could indicate that the antibodies may be related to effective erythropoietic response in P. falciparum malaria. Immune antibodies against DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains of PfEMP‐1 may suppress the deteriorating effects of PfEMP‐1 antigens and provide immune protection against severe malarial anemia in children.
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ISSN:2398-8835
2398-8835
DOI:10.1002/hsr2.70123