Epidemiology and Prevalence of Oral Candidiasis in HIV Patients From Chad in the Post-HAART Era
Oral candidiasis remains a common problem in HIV-infected individuals, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we performed the first study in Chad on the prevalence of oral yeasts carriage and oral candidiasis in HIV-positive subjects from southern Chad and analyzed the influence of HAART, CD4 T-ce...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 13; p. 844069 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
17-02-2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Oral candidiasis remains a common problem in HIV-infected individuals, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we performed the first study in Chad on the prevalence of oral yeasts carriage and oral candidiasis in HIV-positive subjects from southern Chad and analyzed the influence of HAART, CD4
T-cell numbers, and antimycotics in 589 patients. These patients were recruited from a specialized medical center for HIV patients in Sarh and from a rural medical health dispensary in the vicinity, including a total of 384 HIV-positive and 205 HIV-negative individuals. Yeasts obtained from oral specimen were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and their antifungal susceptibility profiles determined. The overall prevalence of yeast colonization and symptomatic oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients was 25.1%. The prevalence of oral candidiasis was higher in untreated than in HAART-treated HIV-positive patients (16% vs. 2%;
< 0.01). Oral candidiasis was furthermore associated with high fungal burdens of
and a CD4
T-cell number <200/μl. A shift toward non
species was observed under nucleoside-based HAART therapy. Azole antifungal drug resistance was only observed for the intrinsically resistant species
and
. Prevalence of oral candidiasis in the studied area was very low. The species distribution was similar to other countries around the world, with
being dominant.
was not isolated. Nucleoside-based HAART therapy significantly reduced oral colonization as well as occurrence of oral candidiasis caused by
and led to a species shift toward non-
species. Antifungal resistance was not yet a concern in Chad. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors have contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship Edited by: Axel Cloeckaert, Institut National de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), France This article was submitted to Infectious Agents and Disease, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology Reviewed by: Georges Aoun, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Pedro Abrantes, University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Antoine Nicolas Berberi, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil |
| ISSN: | 1664-302X 1664-302X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844069 |