Identification of a protein from rust fungi transferred from haustoria into infected plant cells

The formation of haustoria is one of the hallmarks of the interaction of obligate biotrophic fungi with their host plants. In addition to their role in nutrient uptake, it is hypothesized that haustoria are actively involved in establishing and maintaining the biotrophic relationship. We have identi...

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Published in:	Molecular plant-microbe interactions Vol. 18; no. 11; pp. 1130 - 1139
Main Authors:	Kemen, E, Kemen, A.C, Rafiqi, M, Hempel, U, Mendgen, K, Hahn, M, Voegele, R.T
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	St Paul, MN APS Press 01-11-2005 The American Phytopathological Society
Subjects:	Amino Acid Sequence amino acid sequences Basidiomycota - metabolism Basidiomycota - physiology Biological and medical sciences Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungal plant pathogens fungal proteins Fungal Proteins - metabolism haustorium host-pathogen relationships Immunoenzyme Techniques Medicago - metabolism Medicago - microbiology Medicago truncatula Microscopy, Immunoelectron Molecular Sequence Data Nicotiana tabacum nuclear localization signal nucleotide sequences Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Plant Diseases - microbiology plant pathogenic fungi Plasmids protein secretion protein transport rust diseases rust transferred protein 1 tobacco transgenic plants Uromyces striatus Uromyces viciae-fabae Vicia faba Vicia faba - metabolism Vicia faba - microbiology Vicia faba - ultrastructure Cell nucleus Basidiomycetes Stimulant plant Identification Nicotiana tabacum Fungi Dicotyledones Angiospermae Database Developmental stage Uromyces striatus Solanaceae Infected cell Localization Thallophyta Medicago truncatula Uromyces fabae Antibody Vicia faba Electron microscopy Uptake protein secretion Grain legume Green fluorescent protein Spermatophyta Fodder crop Detection Immunofluorescence haustorium
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Summary:	The formation of haustoria is one of the hallmarks of the interaction of obligate biotrophic fungi with their host plants. In addition to their role in nutrient uptake, it is hypothesized that haustoria are actively involved in establishing and maintaining the biotrophic relationship. We have identified a 24.3-kDa protein that exhibited a very unusual allocation. Rust transferred protein 1 from Uromyces fabae (Uf-RTP1p) was not only detected in the host parasite interface, the extrahaustorial matrix, but also inside infected plant cells by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Uf-RTP1p does not exhibit any similarity to sequences currently listed in the public databases. However, we identified a homolog of Uf-RTP1p in the related rust fungus Uromyces striatus (Us-RTP1p). The localization of Uf-RTP1p and Us-RTP1p inside infected plant cells was confirmed, using four independently raised polyclonal antibodies. Depending on the developmental stage of haustoria, Uf-RTP1p was found in increasing amounts in host cells, including the host nucleus. Putative nuclear localization signals (NLS) were found in the predicted RTP1p sequences. However, functional efficiency could only be verified for the Uf-RTP1p NLS by means of green fluorescent protein fusions in transformed tobacco protoplasts. Western blot analysis indicated that Uf-RTP1p and Us-RTP1p most likely enter the host cell as N-glycosylated proteins. However, the mechanism by which they cross the extrahaustorial membrane and accumulate in the host cytoplasm is unknown. The localization of RTP1p suggests that it might play an important role in the maintenance of the biotrophic interaction.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0894-0282 1943-7706
DOI:	10.1094/MPMI-18-1130