Effectiveness of smartphone technologies on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review with meta‐analysis of 17 trials

Effectiveness of smartphone technologies on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review with meta‐analysis of 17 trials

Summary Patient education and behavioural interventions for self‐management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are effective but place demands on manpower resources. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of smartphone technologies (STs) for improving glycaemic control among T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Obesity reviews Vol. 19; no. 6; pp. 825 - 838
Main Authors: Wu, I. X. Y., Kee, J. C. Y., Threapleton, D. E., Ma, R. C. W., Lam, V. C. K., Lee, E. K. P., Wong, S. Y. S., Chung, V. C. H.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-06-2018
Subjects:
Blood Glucose - analysis
Body mass
Body mass index
Body size
Clinical trials
Confidence intervals
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Disease control
Education
Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis
Health care
Hemoglobin
Humans
Manpower
Meta-analysis
mobile applications
Patient education
Patients
Self Care
Smartphone
Smartphones
Subgroups
Systematic review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
meta-analysis
smartphone
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
mobile applications
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Summary:Summary Patient education and behavioural interventions for self‐management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are effective but place demands on manpower resources. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of smartphone technologies (STs) for improving glycaemic control among T2DM patients. CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and ScienceDirect were searched through December 2016. Randomized controlled trials comparing STs with usual diabetes care among T2DM patients and reporting change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level were included. Seventeen trials (2,225 participants) were included. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c (pooled weighted mean difference: −0.51%; 95% confidence interval: −0.71% to −0.30%; p < 0.001), favouring ST intervention. The pooled weighted mean difference was −0.83% in patients with T2DM <8.5 years and −0.22% in patients with T2DM ≥8.5 years, with significant subgroup difference (p = 0.007). No subgroup differences were found among different follow‐up durations, trial locations, patients' age, healthcare provider contract time, baseline body mass index and baseline HbA1c. Compared with usual diabetes care, STs improved glycaemic control among T2DM patients, especially for patients at earlier disease stages (duration of diagnosis <8.5 years). STs could be a complement or alternative to labour‐intensive patient education and behavioural interventions, but more studies on up‐to‐date technologies are needed.
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ISSN:1467-7881
1467-789X
DOI:10.1111/obr.12669