"Exploring the Dynamics of Nitrogen from Conventional Manures in the Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum: A Comprehensive Review"

Nitrogen (N) stands as a paramount macro element, intricately weaving itself into the involved tapestry of agricultural enhancement. It assumes a pivotal role in bolstering agricultural production, serving as a foundational component within proteins. Furthermore, its existence greatly enhances the n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Vol. 55; no. 11; pp. 1690 - 1701
Main Authors:	Pruthviraj, N., Murali, K., Chaitanya, Arakanti, Harish, M. C., Karthik, A. N.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Philadelphia Taylor & Francis 16-06-2024 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:	Agricultural production Agricultural wastes Ammonification Atmosphere Crop residues Dung Energy transfer Glutamic acid Manure nitrogen dynamics Manures Mineralization Nitrates Nitrification Nitrogen Nitrogen balance nitrogen cycle Nutrients Nutrition Nutritive value Organic fertilizers Organic nitrogen Organic wastes Plants Soil soil plant atmosphere continuum Soils Transpiration
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Summary:	Nitrogen (N) stands as a paramount macro element, intricately weaving itself into the involved tapestry of agricultural enhancement. It assumes a pivotal role in bolstering agricultural production, serving as a foundational component within proteins. Furthermore, its existence greatly enhances the nutritional value of food products, providing a diverse contribution to the field of nutrition. Soil plant atmosphere continuum is the near-surface environment in which water, nutrients, and energy transfer occurs from soil through plants to the atmosphere. A bulk of total nitrogen is present in the organic form and only about two percent is present in the inorganic form. Nitrogen present in organic manures, green manures, crop residues, and organic wastes is mostly in the form of organic nitrogen. The organic nitrogen, particularly the hydrolyzable form, is slowly mineralized and is transformed to mineral nitrogen through aminization, ammonification, and nitrification processes and becomes available to crops, unless these organic forms of nitrogen are mineralized to inorganic forms plants cannot utilize nitrogen. Plants absorb nitrogen mostly as nitrate (NO 3 − ) and ammonical (NH 4 + ) forms and these are translocated to leaves by transpiration stream and get converted to glutamic acid. Animals and other living beings consume plants and release nitrogen back into the atmosphere in the form of dung or urine which is either utilized by plants or subjected to losses. This entire process continues as a cycle and plays a key role in maintaining nitrogen balance in the atmosphere.
ISSN:	0010-3624 1532-2416 1532-4133
DOI:	10.1080/00103624.2024.2323080