Ultrasound processing of liquid system(s) and its antimicrobial mechanism of action

Ultrasound creates cavitation phenomena, resulting in the formation of several free radicals, namely OH˙ and H˙, due to the breakdown of the H2O molecule. These radicals affect the cellular integrity of the bacteria, causing the inactivation of several processes, and thus it is important to unravel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Letters in applied microbiology Vol. 65; no. 4; pp. 313 - 318
Main Authors:	Spiteri, D., Chot‐Plassot, C., Sclear, J., Karatzas, K.A., Scerri, C., Valdramidis, V.P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Oxford University Press 01-10-2017
Subjects:	Adaptation Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Bacteria Cavitation Deactivation Disinfection Disinfection - methods DnaK protein E coli E. coli K12 Escherichia coli K12 - genetics Escherichia coli K12 - metabolism Escherichia coli K12 - radiation effects Escherichia coli Proteins - genetics Free radicals Free Radicals - chemistry GABA GAD system Gene Deletion Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - genetics Genes HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics Inactivation mechanism of action Microorganisms mutant cells Mutants Sensitivity Technology Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonic Waves Ultrasound Waste Water - microbiology Wastewater GABA mechanism of action E. coli K12 mutant cells ultrasound GAD system
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Summary:	Ultrasound creates cavitation phenomena, resulting in the formation of several free radicals, namely OH˙ and H˙, due to the breakdown of the H2O molecule. These radicals affect the cellular integrity of the bacteria, causing the inactivation of several processes, and thus it is important to unravel the mechanism of action of this technology. This research looks into the application and mechanism of action of ultrasound technology as a means of disinfection by acoustic cavitation. Sterile water and synthetic waste water were inoculated with different mutants of Escherichia coli K12 strains containing deletions in genes affecting specific functional properties of E. coli. These were: dnak soxR, soxS, oxyR, rpoS, gadA/gadB, gadC and yneL. Escherichia coli K‐12 ΔoxyR appeared to be more resistant to the treatment together with gadW, gadX, gabT and gabD, whereas the mutant K‐12 ΔdnaK was more sensitive with c. 2·5 log (CFU per ml) reduction in comparison to their isogenic wild‐type E. coli K‐12. This indicates that the dnaK gene participates in general stress response and more specifically to hyperosmotic stress. The other E. coli deleted genes tested (soxS, rpoS, gadB, gadC, yneL) did not appear to be involved in protection of microbial cells against ultrasound. Significance and Impact of the Study This study looks at the mechanism of action of ultrasound technology for the disinfection of wastewater. Different mutants with deleted genes were used to study the respective sensitivity or resistance to this treatment. This is essential to characterize changes at the molecular level, which might be occurring during treatment, resulting in bacterial adaptation. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study looks at the mechanism of action of ultrasound technology for the disinfection of wastewater. Different mutants with deleted genes were used to study the respective sensitivity or resistance to this treatment. This is essential to characterize changes at the molecular level, which might be occurring during treatment, resulting in bacterial adaptation.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0266-8254 1472-765X
DOI:	10.1111/lam.12776