Turlock-like bunyavirus associated with encephalomyelitis and myocarditis in an ostrich chick

California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis 93725, USA. In the fall of 1995, a 20-day-old female ostrich chick, 1 of a group of 20, was presented live with clinical signs of 2 days duration characterized by unsteady gait, circling to the left, and walk...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation Vol. 14; no. 5; pp. 363 - 370
Main Authors:	Shivaprasad, HL, Woolcock, PR, McFarland, MD, Curtis, M, Karabats, N
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Los Angeles, CA J Vet Diagn Invest 01-09-2002 SAGE Publications American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians
Subjects:	Animals Antibodies, Viral - blood Biological and medical sciences Brain - pathology Bunyaviridae Infections - pathology Bunyaviridae Infections - veterinary Bunyaviridae Infections - virology Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens Cells, Cultured Cercopithecus aethiops Chick Embryo Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral Encephalomyelitis - complications Encephalomyelitis - pathology Encephalomyelitis - virology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Medical sciences Microbiology Myocarditis - complications Myocarditis - pathology Myocarditis - virology Myocardium - pathology Orthobunyavirus - classification Orthobunyavirus - isolation & purification Orthobunyavirus - physiology Orthobunyavirus - ultrastructure Prevalence Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains Struthioniformes - blood Struthioniformes - virology Tumors Vero Cells Virology Viruses Heart Cell culture Embryo Encephalomyelitis Bunyavirus Liver Cardiovascular disease Myocardial disease Bunyaviridae Heart disease Female Aves Encephalitis Nervous system diseases Digestive system Electron microscopy Cerebral disorder Virus Myocarditis Vertebrata Morphology Central nervous system disease Isolate Chicken Circulatory system Veterinary Spinal cord disease Lymphocyte Macrophage
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Summary:	California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis 93725, USA. In the fall of 1995, a 20-day-old female ostrich chick, 1 of a group of 20, was presented live with clinical signs of 2 days duration characterized by unsteady gait, circling to the left, and walking backward. Another bird with similar clinical signs had died and another had recovered. The bird was euthanized and examined at necropsy. Twenty-five milliliters of serous fluid was in the abdominal cavity and there was increased pericardial fluid. Histopathology of the brain revealed mild to moderate nonsuppurative encephalitis characterized by mild multifocal malacia, perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes, and gliosis. The heart had multifocal infiltrations of lymphocytes mixed with macrophages and a few plasma cells throughout the myocardium. Cytopathic effects were observed in primary chicken embryo liver cells following inoculation with a tissue homogenate prepared from the brain of the affected ostrich. Virus particles the size and morphology of the family Bunyaviridae were observed in cell culture lysate by negative-stain electron microscopy. Viral characterization demonstrated that the virus isolate is a previously unknown serotypic variant (subtype) of Turlock virus. Twelve of 65 sera collected over a 3-year period from ostriches aged from 1 month to 4 years were positive for neutralizing antibody to both the Turlock prototype strain and the new subtype of Turlock virus described in this report.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-4 content type line 23 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3
ISSN:	1040-6387 1943-4936
DOI:	10.1177/104063870201400501