Two distinct classes of thymic tumors in patients with MEN1 show LOH at the MEN1 locus

Patients with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome carry germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the MEN1 gene which predisposes them to develop various endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. Over 90% of the tumors show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 11q13, th...

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Published in:	Endocrine-related cancer Vol. 28; no. 11; pp. L15 - L19
Main Authors:	Mandl, Adel, Welch, James M, Kapoor, Gayathri, Parekh, Vaishali I, Schrump, David S, Ripley, R Taylor, Walter, Mary F, Del Rivero, Jaydira, Jha, Smita, Simonds, William F, Jensen, Robert T, Weinstein, Lee S, Blau, Jenny E, Agarwal, Sunita K
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Bioscientifica Ltd 01-11-2021 Society for Endocrinology & BioScientifica Ltd
Subjects:	Chromosome 11 Heterozygosity Humans Loss of Heterozygosity Multiple endocrine neoplasia Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 - genetics Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 - pathology Mutation Neuroendocrine tumors Patients Research Letter Retrospective Studies Ribonucleic acid RNA Therapeutic targets Thymoma Thymus Thymus Neoplasms - genetics Transcriptomics Tumors thymic carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor thymus multiple endocrine neoplasia thymoma
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Summary:	Patients with the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome carry germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the MEN1 gene which predisposes them to develop various endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. Over 90% of the tumors show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 11q13, the MEN1 locus, due to somatic loss of the wild-type MEN1 allele. Thymic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) or thymic carcinoids are uncommon in MEN1 patients but are a major cause of mortality. LOH at the MEN1 locus has not been demonstrated in thymic tumors. The goal of this study was to investigate the molecular aspects of MEN1-associated thymic tumors including LOH at the MEN1 locus and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify genes associated with tumor development and potential targeted therapy. A retrospective chart review of 294 patients with MEN1 germline mutations identified 14 patients (4.8%) with thymic tumors (12 thymic NETs and 2 thymomas). LOH at the MEN1 locus was identified in 10 tumors including the 2 thymomas, demonstrating that somatic LOH at the MEN1 locus is also the mechanism for thymic tumor development. Unsupervised principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering of RNA-Seq data showed that thymic NETs formed a homogenous transcriptomic group separate from thymoma and normal thymus. KSR2 (kinase suppressor of Ras 2), that promotes Ras-mediated signaling, was abundantly expressed in thymic NETs, a potential therapeutic target. The molecular insights gained from our study about thymic tumors combined with similar data from other MEN1-associated tumors may lead to better surveillance and treatment of these rare tumors.
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ISSN:	1351-0088 1479-6821
DOI:	10.1530/ERC-21-0226