Far-UVC 222 nm Treatment: Effects of Nitrate/Nitrite on Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potential

Far-UVC 222 nm Treatment: Effects of Nitrate/Nitrite on Disinfection Byproduct Formation Potential

Irradiation at far ultraviolet C (far-UVC) 222 nm by krypton chloride (KrCl*) excilamps can enhance microbial disinfection and micropollutant photolysis/oxidation. However, nitrate/nitrite, which absorbs strongly at 222 nm, may affect the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Herein, we evalu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology Vol. 58; no. 34; pp. 15311 - 15320
Main Authors: Xu, Jiale, Kann, Ryan J, Mohammed, Dauda, Huang, Ching-Hua
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Chemical Society 12-08-2024
Subjects:
Byproducts
Coagulation
Disinfection
Drinking water
Flocculation
Fluence
Fulvic acids
Humic acids
Hydrogen peroxide
Irradiation
Krypton
Microorganisms
Nitrates
Nitrites
Organic matter
Oxidation
Ozonation
Photolysis
Radiation dosage
Ultraviolet radiation
Water analysis
Water sampling
chloropicrin
disinfection byproducts
far-UVC 222 nm
water treatment
nitration
nitrate/nitrite
KrCl excimer lamp
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Irradiation at far ultraviolet C (far-UVC) 222 nm by krypton chloride (KrCl*) excilamps can enhance microbial disinfection and micropollutant photolysis/oxidation. However, nitrate/nitrite, which absorbs strongly at 222 nm, may affect the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Herein, we evaluated model organic matter and real water samples and observed a substantial increase in the formation potential for trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) (TCNM-FP), a nitrogenous DBP, by nitrate or nitrite after irradiation at 222 nm. At a disinfection dose of 100 mJ·cm , TCNM-FP of humic acids and fulvic acids increased from ∼0.4 to 25 and 43 μg·L , respectively, by the presence of 10 mg-N·L nitrate. For the effect of nitrate concentration, the TCNM-FP peak was observed at 5-10 mg-N·L . Stronger fluence caused a greater increase of TCNM-FP. Similarly, the increase of TCNM-FP was also observed for wastewater and drinking water samples containing nitrate. Pretreatment using ozonation and coagulation, flocculation, and filtration or the addition of H O can effectively control TCNM-FP. The formation potential of other DBPs was minorly affected by irradiation at 222 nm regardless of whether nitrate/nitrite was present. Overall, far-UVC 222 nm treatment poses the risk of increasing TCNM-FP of waters containing nitrate or nitrite at environmentally relevant concentrations and the mitigation strategies merit further research.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.4c04258