Host-microbe interactions in the pathogenesis and clinical course of sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by the development of granulomas in various organs, especially in the lungs and lymph nodes. Clinics of the disease largely depends on the organ involved and may range from mild symptoms to life threatening manifestations. Over the last two de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of biomedical science Vol. 26; no. 1; p. 45
Main Authors:	Inaoka, Pleiades T, Shono, Masato, Kamada, Mishio, Espinoza, J Luis
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 11-06-2019 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Acne Anorexia Antigens Autoimmune disease Autoimmune diseases Development and progression Dysbiosis Epidemiology Etiology Granuloma Granulomas Heat shock proteins Host-microbe interactions Host-parasite relationships Immune response Immune system Immunopathogenesis Infections Inflammatory diseases Lungs Lymph nodes Lymphatic system Microbiological studies Microbiota Observations Organs Pathogenesis Review Sarcoidosis Signs and symptoms Tuberculosis United States United States > US Japan Taiwan Spain Host-microbe interactions Autoimmune disease Microbiota Granulomas Sarcoidosis Dysbiosis
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Summary:	Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by the development of granulomas in various organs, especially in the lungs and lymph nodes. Clinics of the disease largely depends on the organ involved and may range from mild symptoms to life threatening manifestations. Over the last two decades, significant advances in the diagnosis, clinical assessment and treatment of sarcoidosis have been achieved, however, the precise etiology of this disease remains unknown. Current evidence suggests that, in genetically predisposed individuals, an excessive immune response to unknown antigen/s is crucial for the development of sarcoidosis. Epidemiological and microbiological studies suggest that, at least in a fraction of patients, microbes or their products may trigger the immune response leading to sarcoid granuloma formation. In this article, we discuss the scientific evidence on the interaction of microbes with immune cells that may be implicated in the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis, and highlight recent studies exploring potential implications of human microbiota in the pathogenesis and the clinical course of sarcoidosis.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1423-0127 1021-7770 1423-0127
DOI:	10.1186/s12929-019-0537-6