Odor-Sensing System to Support Social Participation of People Suffering from Incontinence

This manuscript describes the design considerations, implementation, and laboratory validation of an odor sensing module whose purpose is to support people that suffer from incontinence. Because of the requirements expressed by the affected end-users the odor sensing unit is realized as a portable a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 1; p. 58
Main Authors:	Ortiz Pérez, Alvaro, Kallfaß-de Frenes, Vera, Filbert, Alexander, Kneer, Janosch, Bierer, Benedikt, Held, Pirmin, Klein, Philipp, Wöllenstein, Jürgen, Benyoucef, Dirk, Kallfaß, Sigrid, Mescheder, Ulrich, Palzer, Stefan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-01-2017 MDPI
Subjects:	ambient assisted living Ammonia - chemistry autonomous odor detection device Caregivers Chromium Consumption Copper - chemistry Detection Devices ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS End users Equipment Design Focus groups Gases hotplate inkjet-printed p-type semiconducting metal oxide Measurement techniques Metal oxides ODOR Odorants - analysis Odors Ostomy Quality of life R&D Research & development Research design Research methodology Sensor arrays Sensors Social life & customs Technological change Titanium - chemistry wireless connectivity Wireless Technology - instrumentation Germany autonomous odor detection device inkjet-printed p-type semiconducting metal oxide wireless connectivity hotplate ambient assisted living
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Summary:	This manuscript describes the design considerations, implementation, and laboratory validation of an odor sensing module whose purpose is to support people that suffer from incontinence. Because of the requirements expressed by the affected end-users the odor sensing unit is realized as a portable accessory that may be connected to any pre-existing smart device. We have opted for a low-cost, low-power consuming metal oxide based gas detection approach to highlight the viability of developing an inexpensive yet helpful odor recognition technology. The system consists of a hotplate employing, inkjet-printed p-type semiconducting layers of copper(II) oxide, and chromium titanium oxide. Both functional layers are characterized with respect to their gas-sensitive behavior towards humidity, ammonia, methylmercaptan, and dimethylsulfide and we demonstrate detection limits in the parts-per-billion range for the two latter gases. Employing a temperature variation scheme that reads out the layer's resistivity in a steady-state, we use each sensor chip as a virtual array. With this setup, we demonstrate the feasibility of detecting odors associated with incontinence.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1424-8220 1424-8220
DOI:	10.3390/s17010058