Transcriptional effects of carbon and nitrogen starvation on Ganoderma boninense, an oil palm phytopathogen

Transcriptional effects of carbon and nitrogen starvation on Ganoderma boninense, an oil palm phytopathogen

Background Ganoderma boninense is a phytopathogen of oil palm, causing basal and upper stem rot diseases. Methods The genome sequence was used as a reference to study gene expression during growth in a starved carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) environment with minimal sugar and sawdust as initial energy s...

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Published in:Molecular biology reports Vol. 51; no. 1; p. 212
Main Authors: Nagappan, Jayanthi, Ooi, Siew-Eng, Chan, Kuang-Lim, Kadri, Faizun, Nurazah, Zain, Halim, Mohd Amin Ab, Angel, Lee Pei Lee, Sundram, Shamala, Chin, Chiew-Foan, May, Sean T., Low, Eng Ti Leslie
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-12-2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Animal Anatomy
Animal Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbon
Cell walls
Ganoderma boninense
Gene expression
Genomes
Histology
Life Sciences
Maltose
Metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metabolomics
Morphology
Mycotoxins
Nucleotide sequence
Nutrient sources
Original Article
Sawdust
Stem rot
Transcriptomics
Vegetable oils
Basidiomycete
Metabolic pathway
Basal stem rot
Genome
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Summary:Background Ganoderma boninense is a phytopathogen of oil palm, causing basal and upper stem rot diseases. Methods The genome sequence was used as a reference to study gene expression during growth in a starved carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) environment with minimal sugar and sawdust as initial energy sources. This study was conducted to mimic possible limitations of the C–N nutrient sources during the growth of G. boninense in oil palm plantations. Results Genome sequencing of an isolate collected from a palm tree in West Malaysia generated an assembly of 67.12 Mb encoding 19,851 predicted genes. Transcriptomic analysis from a time course experiment during growth in this starvation media identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were found to be associated with 29 metabolic pathways. During the active growth phase, 26 DEGs were related to four pathways, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan metabolism and mycotoxin biosynthesis. G. boninense genes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway that contribute to the degradation of plant cell walls were up-regulated. Interestingly, several genes associated with the mycotoxin biosynthesis pathway were identified as playing a possible role in pathogen-host interaction. In addition, metabolomics analysis revealed six metabolites, maltose, xylobiose, glucooligosaccharide, glycylproline, dimethylfumaric acid and arabitol that were up-regulated on Day2 of the time course experiment. Conclusions This study provides information on genes expressed by G. boninense in metabolic pathways that may play a role in the initial infection of the host.
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ISSN:0301-4851
1573-4978
1573-4978
DOI:10.1007/s11033-023-09054-4