Review on Methods for Assessing and Predicting Leaching of PFAS from Solid Matrices

Review on Methods for Assessing and Predicting Leaching of PFAS from Solid Matrices

Purpose of Review Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are prevalent environmental contaminants detected in materials such as soils, biosolids, and wastes. Understanding PFAS leaching is crucial for assessing risks associated with leaving impacted material in place, reuse, or disposal. Howeve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current pollution reports Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 628 - 647
Main Authors: Navarro, Divina A., Kabiri, Shervin S., Bowles, Karl, Knight, Emma R., Braeunig, Jennifer, Srivastava, Prashant, Boxall, Naomi J., Douglas, Grant, Mueller, Jochen, McLaughlin, Mike J., Williams, Mike, Kookana, Rai S.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-12-2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Air-water interface
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Biosolids
Contaminants
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice
Equilibrium
In situ leaching
Industrial Pollution Prevention
Kinetics
Laboratory methods
Landfills
Leaching
Lysimeters
Materials selection
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Organic chemicals
Pollution
Rainfall
Rainfall simulators
Review
Reviews
Risk assessment
Simulators
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Solid wastes
Solids
Toxicity
Waste disposal sites
Waste materials
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
Contaminated soils
Desorption
Wastes
PFAS
Leaching
Biosolids
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Summary:Purpose of Review Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are prevalent environmental contaminants detected in materials such as soils, biosolids, and wastes. Understanding PFAS leaching is crucial for assessing risks associated with leaving impacted material in place, reuse, or disposal. However, there is limited guidance on laboratory methods to measure extent and rate of leaching. This review aims to identify the best methods for assessing PFAS leaching that are reflective of relevant release scenarios. Recent Findings Various methods have been applied to assess PFAS leaching from contaminated materials. The most common are batch leaching methods that simulate particular conditions (e.g. rainfall, landfill), with the intention of providing conservative estimates (worst-case scenarios) of cumulative PFAS release over time. Columns, static leaching, and rainfall simulators are also used to simulate less aggressive field-like conditions. While less common, pan and suction lysimeters have been used to measure PFAS leaching in situ. Most methods use saturated conditions that do not account for the possible influence of air–water interface accumulation and wetting–drying cycles on leaching. A notable gap is the scarcity of data benchmarking laboratory-leached concentrations with real-world PFAS concentrations. Establishing this relationship is crucial for reliable laboratory protocols. Summary This article reviews methods for estimating leaching of PFAS from contaminated materials. Given the variety of methods, selecting those that best simulate assessment objectives is essential. Specific scenarios requiring PFAS leaching assessment, such as leaving materials in place, reuse, and disposal, are discussed. The knowledge gaps presented could be used to improve existing leaching methods for better predictions and understanding of PFAS leachability. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:2198-6592
2198-6592
DOI:10.1007/s40726-024-00326-6