BUILDING MATERIALS OF THE THEATRE OF MARCELLUS, ROME

The building materials of the Theatre of Marcellus, 44–11 bce, reflect Roman builders' careful selections of tuff and travertine for dimension stone and volcanic aggregates for pozzolanic concretes. The vitric–lithic–crystal Tufo Lionato tuff dimension stone contains a high proportion of lava l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Archaeometry Vol. 53; no. 4; pp. 728 - 742
Main Authors:	JACKSON, M. D., CIANCIO ROSSETTO, P., KOSSO, C. K., BUONFIGLIO, M., MARRA, F.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-08-2011
Subjects:	ANCIENT ROME CONCRETE MASONRY PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS POZZOLANIC MORTAR VOLCANIC AGGREGATES VOLCANIC TUFF MASONRY
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Summary:	The building materials of the Theatre of Marcellus, 44–11 bce, reflect Roman builders' careful selections of tuff and travertine for dimension stone and volcanic aggregates for pozzolanic concretes. The vitric–lithic–crystal Tufo Lionato tuff dimension stone contains a high proportion of lava lithic fragments, which increase its compressive strength and decrease water sorption, enhancing durability. Sophisticated installations of travertine dimension stone reinforce the tuff masonry, which is integrated with durable concrete walls and barrel vaults. The pozzolanic mortars of the concretes contain harenae fossiciae mainly from the intermediate alteration facies of the mid‐Pleistocene, scoriaceous Pozzolane Rosse pyroclastic flow. They have pervasive interpenetrating pozzolanic cements, including strätlingite, similar to high‐quality, imperial era mortars. Concrete walls are faced with refined Tufo Lionato opus reticulatum and tufelli, and opus testaceum of fired, greyish‐yellow brick. The exploratory concrete masonry, which includes some of the earliest examples of brick facings and strätlingite cements in Rome, and the integration of these materials in complex architectural elements and internal spaces, reflect the highly skilled workmanship, rigorous work‐site management and technical supervision of Roman builders trained in republican era methods and materials.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/WNG-W1ZMHK48-W ArticleID:ARCM570 istex:F5C609F2BD645CA1F882A61101415BF1E85AF88D
ISSN:	0003-813X 1475-4754
DOI:	10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00570.x