Mediating Factors Associated With Pedestrian Injury in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of pediatric mortality. One leading cause of unintentional injury is pedestrian injury. Children with developmental disabilities, particularly those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined type (ADHD-C) seem to have increased pedestrian injury...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Pediatrics (Evanston) Vol. 128; no. 2; pp. 296 - 302
Main Authors:	STAVRINOS, Despina, BIASINI, Fred J, FINE, Philip R, BART HODGENS, J, KHATRI, Snehal, MRUG, Sylvie, SCHWEBEL, David C
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elk Grove Village, IL American Academy of Pediatrics 01-08-2011
Subjects:	Accidents, Traffic - prevention & control Accidents, Traffic - psychology Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - complications Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Causes of Child Children Children & youth Comparative analysis Computer Simulation Executive Function - physiology Female General aspects Humans Injuries Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous Mortality Pedestrians Pediatrics Photic Stimulation - methods Prevention and actions Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Risk assessment Risk Factors Traffic accidents User-Computer Interface Walking - psychology Human Pediatrics ADHD Executive function Cognitive disorder Toxicity Injury injury prevention and control Check Pedestrian motor vehicle safety Motor vehicle executive function/dysfunction Trauma Prevention Surveillance Cause Attention disorder with hyperactivity Lesion Safety Child Public health
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Summary:	Unintentional injury is the leading cause of pediatric mortality. One leading cause of unintentional injury is pedestrian injury. Children with developmental disabilities, particularly those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined type (ADHD-C) seem to have increased pedestrian injury risk. This study examined (1) the differences in pedestrian behavior between children with ADHD-C and normally developing comparison children and (2) the mediating factors that might link ADHD-C with pedestrian injury risk. A total of 78 children aged 7 to 10 years (39 children with ADHD-C diagnoses and 39 age- and gender-matched typically developing children) participated. The main outcome measure was pedestrian behavior, as measured in a semi-immersive, interactive, virtual pedestrian environment. Key pedestrian variables related to different aspects of the crossing process were identified: (1) before the cross (ie, evaluating aspects of the crossing environment); (2) making the cross (ie, deciding to cross and initiating movement); and (3) safety of the cross (ie, safety within the pedestrian environment after the decision to cross was made). Children with ADHD-C chose riskier pedestrian environments to cross within (F(1,72) = 4.83; P < .05). No significant differences emerged in other aspects of the crossing process. Executive function played a mediating role in the relationship between ADHD-C and the safety of the cross. Children with ADHD-C seem to display appropriate curbside pedestrian behavior but fail to process perceived information adequately to permit crossing safely.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0031-4005 1098-4275
DOI:	10.1542/peds.2010-3829